Diagrams and images of materials used for shock evaluation. (a) Image of the MSR 165 data logger used to measure vibration and shock during transportation, (b) Image showing packaging of pupae with S8 (chilled) and humidity packs before transportation of the 29-day-old group in the insulated box, (c) Output of the power spectrum as generated by the MSR 165 data logger software and illustrations of peaks of shock events at high and low frequency, (d, e, f) Illustration of the Cartesian plane showing the axis of movement (x, y, z) of the pupae and package during transportation following the right-hand rule. The length of vectors A, B and C denote the magnitude (scalar) of the vectors, while the angles determine the direction of the vector.

Combined rates of biological parameters following irradiation and transportation of Glossina morsitans morsitans (Gmm) pupae at the age of 22 and 29 days (a) Cumulative emergence rates, (b) Cumulative flight propensity, (c) Cumulative mating ability, (d) Cumulative insemination rates, (e) Cumulative mean spermathecal value (MSV) of Gmm females inseminated by males that were irradiated and transported as pupae at the age of 22 and 29 days.

Comparison of biological parameters between Glossina morsitans morsitans (Gmm) flies irradiated and transported as pupae at 22 and that of 29 days regardless of treatment. (a) Comparison of emergence rate, (b) Comparison of flight propensity, (c) Comparison of mating ability, (d) Comparative insemination rate, (e) Comparison of the MSV between Gmm females inseminated by males transported at the age of 22 days and at 29 days regardless of treatment.

Impact of shock on the cumulative emergence rate of Glossina morsitans morsitans tsetse pupae that were transported at the age of 22 and 29 days. (a) Scatter plot showing the relationship between the changescalar_mean_15 max and the emergence rate, (b) Scatter plot showing the negative correlation between the changevector_mean_15 max and the emergence rate. Significant values are indicated by p < 0.05.

Impact of shock on the cumulative flight propensity of Glossina morsitans morsitans tsetse flies emerging from pupae that were transported at the age of 22 and 29 days. (a) Scatter plot of the correlation temperature and flight propensity, (b) Scatter plot of the correlation between the shock variable (Angle_mean_15 max) and the flight propensity. Significant values are indicated by p < 0.05.

Impact of shock on the cumulative mating ability of Glossina morsitans morsitans tsetse flies emerging from pupae that were transported at the age of 22 and 29 days. (a) Scatter plot showing a significant positive correlation of the changescalar_mean_5max on the mating ability, (b) Scatter plot showing a significant positive correlation between the changevector_mean_5max and mating ability, (c) Scatter plot of the correlation between the relative humidity and the mating ability, (d) Scatter plot of the correlation between temperature and mating ability. Significant values are indicated by p < 0.05.

Impact of shock on the cumulative insemination rate of Glossina morsitans morsitans tsetse females mated with flies emerging from the pupae that were transported at the age of 22 and 29 days (a) Scatter plot showing the significant positive correlation between temperature and the observed insemination rate, (b) Scatter plot of the correlation between the duration.ms_10mean and the observed insemination rate, (c) Scatter plot of the correlation between the changescalar_mean_10max and the insemination rate. Significant values are indicated by p < 0.05.

Impact of shock on the cumulative insemination rate of Glossina morsitans morsitans (Gmm) tsetse females mated with Gmm tsetse male flies from pupae transported at the age of 22 and 29 days. Scatter plot of the correlation between the Duration.ms.15mean and the MSV. Significant values are indicated by p < 0.05.