Combined rates of biological parameters following irradiation and transportation of Glossina morsitans morsitans (Gmm) pupae at the age of 22 and 29 days (a) Cumulative emergence rates, (b) Cumulative flight propensity, (c) Cumulative mating ability, (d) Cumulative insemination rates, (e) Cumulative mean spermathecal value (MSV) of Gmm females inseminated by males that were irradiated and transported as pupae at the age of 22 and 29 days.