Open Access
Review
Table 2
Pooled prevalence of Cryptosporidium in HIV-positive patients and subgroup analyses.
| Group | Number of studies | Pooled prevalence (CI 95%) | Heterogeneity |
p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| p value | I2 (%) | ||||
| Diagnostic method | p < 0.05 | ||||
| Staining | 140 | 10.0% (8.4%–11.8%) | <0.001 | 96.00 | |
| Antigen detection | 19 | 26.3% (15.0%–42.0%) | <0.001 | 96.90 | |
| Molecular | 28 | 13.5% (8.9%–19.8%) | <0.001 | 95.60 | |
| Country* | p < 0.05 | ||||
| Brazil | 12 | 5.4% (2.5%–11.6%) | <0.001 | 93.90 | |
| China | 6 | 7.2% (3.5%–14.3%) | <0.001 | 87.50 | |
| Ethiopia | 18 | 9.8% (6.5%–14.7%) | <0.001 | 95.70 | |
| India | 41 | 14.1% (10.5%–18.7%) | <0.001 | 95.90 | |
| Iran | 10 | 11.1% (6.0%–19.5%) | <0.001 | 89.40 | |
| Malaysia | 7 | 9.1% (5.0%–15.8%) | <0.001 | 86.60 | |
| Nigeria | 11 | 10.6% (3.9%–25.6%) | <0.001 | 98.30 | |
| Thailand | 8 | 11.0% (6.2%–18.7%) | <0.001 | 85.40 | |
| Region | p = 0.46 | ||||
| African Region | 53 | 11.9% (8.8%–16.0%) | <0.001 | 97.00 | |
| Eastern Mediterranean Region | 10 | 11.1% (6.0%–19.5%) | <0.001 | 89.40 | |
| European Region | 5 | 5.4% (1.0%–23.7%) | <0.001 | 92.00 | |
| Region of the Americas | 23 | 9.8% (6.4%–14.8%) | <0.001 | 97.30 | |
| South-East Asia Region | 53 | 12.7% (9.7%–16.4%) | <0.001 | 95.50 | |
| Western Pacific Region | 17 | 7.7% (4.7%–12.3%) | <0.001 | 92.60 | |
| Income Level | p = 0.43 | ||||
| High income | 8 | 4.1% (2.4%–6.9%) | <0.001 | 77.80 | |
| Upper-middle income | 52 | 10.4% (8.0%–13.5%) | <0.001 | 94.10 | |
| Lower-middle income | 68 | 13.1% (10.2%–16.6%) | <0.001 | 96.30 | |
| Low income | 33 | 10.9% (7.6%–15.2%) | <0.001 | 96.30 | |
| Number of Participants | p < 0.05 | ||||
| <100 | 66 | 15.4% (11.8%–19.8%) | <0.001 | 91.00 | |
| >100 | 95 | 8.9% (7.2%–11.0%) | <0.001 | 97.30 | |
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