Open Access
Review Article
Table 2
Pooled prevalence of Cryptosporidium in HIV-positive patients and subgroup analyses.
| Group | Number of studies | Pooled prevalence (CI 95%) | Heterogeneity |
p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| p value | I2 (%) | ||||
| Diagnostic method | p < 0.05 | ||||
| Staining | 140 | 10.0% (8.4%–11.8%) | <0.001 | 96.00 | |
| Antigen detection | 19 | 26.3% (15.0%–42.0%) | <0.001 | 96.90 | |
| Molecular | 28 | 13.5% (8.9%–19.8%) | <0.001 | 95.60 | |
| Country* | p < 0.05 | ||||
| Brazil | 12 | 5.4% (2.5%–11.6%) | <0.001 | 93.90 | |
| China | 6 | 7.2% (3.5%–14.3%) | <0.001 | 87.50 | |
| Ethiopia | 18 | 9.8% (6.5%–14.7%) | <0.001 | 95.70 | |
| India | 41 | 14.1% (10.5%–18.7%) | <0.001 | 95.90 | |
| Iran | 10 | 11.1% (6.0%–19.5%) | <0.001 | 89.40 | |
| Malaysia | 7 | 9.1% (5.0%–15.8%) | <0.001 | 86.60 | |
| Nigeria | 11 | 10.6% (3.9%–25.6%) | <0.001 | 98.30 | |
| Thailand | 8 | 11.0% (6.2%–18.7%) | <0.001 | 85.40 | |
| Region | p = 0.46 | ||||
| African Region | 53 | 11.9% (8.8%–16.0%) | <0.001 | 97.00 | |
| Eastern Mediterranean Region | 10 | 11.1% (6.0%–19.5%) | <0.001 | 89.40 | |
| European Region | 5 | 5.4% (1.0%–23.7%) | <0.001 | 92.00 | |
| Region of the Americas | 23 | 9.8% (6.4%–14.8%) | <0.001 | 97.30 | |
| South-East Asia Region | 53 | 12.7% (9.7%–16.4%) | <0.001 | 95.50 | |
| Western Pacific Region | 17 | 7.7% (4.7%–12.3%) | <0.001 | 92.60 | |
| Income Level | p = 0.43 | ||||
| High income | 8 | 4.1% (2.4%–6.9%) | <0.001 | 77.80 | |
| Upper-middle income | 52 | 10.4% (8.0%–13.5%) | <0.001 | 94.10 | |
| Lower-middle income | 68 | 13.1% (10.2%–16.6%) | <0.001 | 96.30 | |
| Low income | 33 | 10.9% (7.6%–15.2%) | <0.001 | 96.30 | |
| Number of Participants | p < 0.05 | ||||
| <100 | 66 | 15.4% (11.8%–19.8%) | <0.001 | 91.00 | |
| >100 | 95 | 8.9% (7.2%–11.0%) | <0.001 | 97.30 | |
Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.
Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.
Initial download of the metrics may take a while.