Issue |
Parasite
Volume 27, 2020
|
|
---|---|---|
Article Number | 27 | |
Number of page(s) | 19 | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2020025 | |
Published online | 30 April 2020 |
Review Article
Cryptosporidiosis in HIV-positive patients and related risk factors: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Cryptosporidiose chez les patients VIH-séropositifs et facteurs de risque associés : revue systématique et méta-analyse
1
Research Center for Evidence Based Medicine (RCEBM), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 5166-15731 Tabriz, Iran
2
Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 5166-15731 Tabriz, Iran
3
College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 510642 Guangzhou, China
4
Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, 91779-48964 Mashhad, Iran
5
Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, 99147-86138 Iranshahr, Iran
6
Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Clinical Centre of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
7
University Lyon, ICBMS UMR 5246 CNRS-INSA-CPE & Institute of Parasitology and Medical Mycology, Croix-Rousse Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69004 Lyon, France
8
Center for Health Related Social and Behavioral Sciences Research, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, 36147-73947 Shahroud, Iran
9
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sardinia, Italy
10
Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 5166-15731 Tabriz, Iran
11
Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 5166-15731 Tabriz, Iran
12
Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 5166-15731 Tabriz, Iran
13
Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 5166-15731 Tabriz, Iran
* Corresponding authors: ehsanahmadpour@gmail.com, stephane.picot@univ-lyon1.fr
Received:
1
October
2019
Accepted:
9
April
2020
Cryptosporidium is one of the major causes of diarrhea in HIV-positive patients. The aim of this study is to systematically review and meta-analyze the prevalence of Cryptosporidium in these patients. PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Cochrane and Ovid databases were searched for relevant studies dating from the period of 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2017. Data extraction for the included studies was performed independently by two authors. The overall pooled prevalence was calculated and subgroup analysis was performed on diagnostic methods, geographical distribution and study population. Meta-regression was performed on the year of publication, proportion of patients with diarrhea, and proportion of patients with CD4 < 200 cells/mL. One hundred and sixty-one studies and 51,123 HIV-positive participants were included. The overall pooled prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection in HIV-positive patients was 11.2% (CI95%: 9.4%–13.0%). The pooled prevalence was estimated to be 10.0% (CI95%: 8.4%–11.8%) using staining methods, 13.5% (CI95%: 8.9%–19.8%) using molecular methods, and 26.3% (CI95%: 15.0%–42.0%) using antigen detection methods. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium in HIV patients was significantly associated with the country of study. Also, there were statistical differences between the diarrhea, CD4 < 200 cells/mL, and antiretroviral therapy risk factors with Cryptosporidiosis. Thus, Cryptosporidium is a common infection in HIV-positive patients, and safe water and hand-hygiene should be implemented to prevent cryptosporidiosis occurrence in these patients.
Résumé
Cryptosporidium est l’une des principales causes de diarrhée chez les patients séropositifs pour le VIH. Le but de cette étude est de revoir et méta-analyser systématiquement la prévalence de Cryptosporidium chez ces patients. Les bases de données PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Cochrane et Ovid ont été recherchées pour des études pertinentes datant du 1er janvier 2000 au 31 décembre 2017. L’extraction des données pour les études incluses a été réalisée indépendamment par deux auteurs. La prévalence globale combinée a été calculée et une analyse en sous-groupes a été effectuée sur les méthodes de diagnostic, la répartition géographique et la population étudiée. Une méta-régression a été réalisée pour l’année de publication, la proportion de patients atteints de diarrhée et la proportion de patients avec CD4 < 200 cellules/mL. Cent soixante et une études et 51,123 participants séropositifs ont été inclus. La prévalence globale combinée de l’infection à Cryptosporidium chez les patients VIH-séropositifs était de 11,2 % (IC95 % : 9,4 %–13,0 %). La prévalence regroupée a été estimée à 10,0 % (IC95 % : 8,4 %–11,8 %) en utilisant des méthodes de coloration, 13,5 % (IC95 % : 8,9 %–19,8 %) en utilisant des méthodes moléculaires et 26,3 % (IC95 % : 15,0 %–42,0 %) en utilisant des méthodes de détection d’antigènes. La prévalence de Cryptosporidium chez les patients infectés par le VIH était significativement associée au pays d’étude. En outre, il existe des différences statistiques entre la diarrhée, les CD4 < 200 cellules/mL et les facteurs de risque du traitement antirétroviral avec la cryptosporidiose. Ainsi, Cryptosporidium est une infection courante chez les patients séropositifs, et une eau salubre et une hygiène des mains doivent être mises en œuvre pour prévenir la survenue de cryptosporidiose chez ces patients.
Key words: Cryptosporidium infection / HIV / AIDS / Systematic review
© E. Ahmadpour et al., published by EDP Sciences, 2020
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.
Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.
Initial download of the metrics may take a while.