Contrasting views of animal healthcare providers on worm control practices for sheep and goats in an arid environment

Open Access

Table I.

Education, awareness and management of internal parasitic diseases of small ruminants in relation to the role of healthcare providers.

	Level/Type/Practice	Veterinary officer (Vetof) N = 15	Veterinary assistant (Veta) N = 51	Traditional practitioner (Tradprac) N = 24	Owner (Farmer) N = 60
Education	ILLITERATE	0.00 ^a^*	0.00 ^a	0.25 ^b	0.72 ^c
	EDUPRIM - Primary education	0.00 ^a	0.00 ^a	0.58 ^c	0.28 ^b
	EDUSEC — Secondary education	0.00 ^a	0.43 ^a	0.17 ^b	0.00 ^a
	EDUINT — Intermediate education	0.00 ^a	0.57 ^b	0.00 ^a	0.00 ^a
	EDUGRAD — Graduate	0.53 ^b	0.00 ^a	0.00 ^a	0.00 ^a
	EDUPOSTG — Post-graduate	0.47 ^b	0.00 ^a	0.00 ^a	0.00 ^a

Awareness on internal parasites	LOWAWP — Low awareness	0.00 ^a	0.12 ^a	0.00 ^a	0.25 ^b
	MediumawP — Medium awareness	0.00 ^a	0.71 ^c	0.37 ^b	0.50 ^b
	HIGHAWP — High awareness	1.00 ^c	0.18 ^a	0.63 ^b	0.25 ^a

Management of internal parasites	MODHELM — Use of modern anthelmintics	1.00 ^b	0.82 ^b	0.25 ^a	0.85 ^b
	TRADHELM — Use of traditional anthelmintics	0.00 ^a	0.00 ^a	0.25 ^b	0.00 ^a
	Bothtradmod — Use of both	0.00 ^a	0.18 ^b	0.50 ^c	0.15 ^b
	PREFBZ — Preference for benzimidazole	0.00 ^a	0.24 ^b	0.13 ^a	0.10 ^a
	PREFLEV — Preference for levamisole	0.40 ^a	0.41 ^a	0.50 ^a	0.80 ^b
	BOTHANTELM — Use both	0.60 ^c	0.35 ^b	0.38 ^b	0.10 ^a
	ROTAHELM — Rotation between anthelmintics	0.20 ^c	0.18 ^c	0.00 ^a	0.10 ^b
	3MOANTH — Anthelmintics every 3 months	0.40 ^b	0.12 ^a	0.25 ^a	0.20 ^a
	6MOANTH — Anthelmintic every 6 months	0.60 ^a	0.47 ^a	0.50 ^a	0.50 ^a
	NEEDHELM — Anthelmintics when needed	0.00 ^a	0.41 ^b	0.25 ^b	0.30 ^b
	DILDRUG — Dilution of the drug	0.60 ^a	0.35 ^a	0.63 ^a	0.75 ^b

The different superscript in each row indicates significantly different values at p < 0.05 using Chi-square or Fisher exact test. N indicates the number of each type of respondent.

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