EDP Sciences logo
Submit your paper
Search
Menu
All issues Volume 32 (2025) Parasite, 32 (2025) 23 References
Open Access
Issue
Parasite
Volume 32, 2025
Article Number 23
Number of page(s) 10
DOI https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2025015
Published online 09 April 2025
  1. Adl SM, Bass D, Lane CE, Lukeš J, Schoch CL, Smirnov A, Agatha S, Berney C, Brown MW, Burki F, Cárdenas P, Čepička I, Chistyakova L, Del Campo J, Dunthorn M, Edvardsen B, Eglit Y, Guillou L, Hampl V, Heiss AA, Hoppenrath M, James TY, Karnkowska A, Karpov S, Kim E, Kolisko M, Kudryavtsev A, Lahr DJG, Lara E, Le Gall L, Lynn DH, Mann DG, Massana R, Mitchell EAD, Morrow C, Park JS, Pawlowski JW, Powell MJ, Richter DJ, Rueckert S, Shadwick L, Shimano S, Spiegel FW, Torruella G, Youssef N, Zlatogursky V, Zhang Q. 2019. Revisions to the classification, nomenclature, and diversity of eukaryotes. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology, 66, 4–119. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Amin A, Bilic I, Liebhart D, Hess M. 2014. Trichomonads in birds – a review. Parasitology, 141, 733–747. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Bailey NP, Velo-Rego E, Hirt RP. 2021. Sporadic isolation of Tetratrichomonas species from the cattle urogenital tract. Parasitology, 148, 1339–1344. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Bellanger AP, Cabaret O, Costa JM, Foulet F, Bretagne S, Botterel F. 2008. Two unusual occurrences of trichomoniasis: rapid species identification by PCR. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 46, 3159–3161. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Bilic I, Jaskulska B, Souillard R, Liebhart D, Hess M. 2014. Multi-locus typing of Histomonas meleagridis isolates demonstrates the existence of two different genotypes. PLoS One, 9, e92438. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Carter JE, Whithaus KC. 2008. Neonatal respiratory tract involvement by Trichomonas vaginalis: a case report and review of the literature. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 78, 17–19. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Cavalier-Smith T. 2013. Early evolution of eukaryote feeding modes, cell structural diversity, and classification of the protozoan phyla Loukozoa, Sulcozoa, and Choanozoa. European Journal of Protistology, 49, 115–178. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Cepicka I, Dolan MF, Gile G. 2017. Parabasalia, in Handbook of the Protists, Archibald J, Simpson A, Slamovits C, Editors. Springer International Publishing, Cham, p. 1175–1218. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  9. Cepicka I, Hampl V, Kulda J.2010. Critical taxonomic revision of Parabasalids with description of one new genus and three new species. Protist, 161, 400–433. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Cepicka I, Hampl V, Kulda J, Flegr J. 2006. New evolutionary lineages, unexpected diversity, and host specificity in the parabasalid genus Tetratrichomonas. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 39, 542–551. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Céza V, Kotyk M, Kubánková A, Yubuki N, Šťáhlavský F, Silberman JD, Čepička I. 2022. Free-living Trichomonads are unexpectedly diverse. Protist, 173, 125883. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Céza V, Pánek T, Smejkalová P, Čepička I. 2015. Molecular and morphological diversity of the genus Hypotrichomonas (Parabasalia: Hypotrichomonadida), with descriptions of six new species. European Journal of Protistology, 51, 158–172. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Chen YQ, Zhang QX, Cheng ZB, Shan YF, Pu TC, Liu T, Guo QY, Zhang P, Song XL, Yang CS, Zhong ZY, Bai JD. 2024. First screening for tick-borne pathogens in Chinese Milu deer (Elaphurus davidianus), Ticks and Tick-Borne Diseases, 15, 102293. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Dimasuay KGB, Lavilla OJY, Rivera WL. 2013. New hosts of Simplicimonas similis and Trichomitus batrachorum identified by 18S ribosomal RNA gene sequences. Journal of Parasitology Research, 2013, 831947. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Dos Santos CS, de Jesus VLT, McIntosh D, Carreiro CC, Batista LCO, do Bomfim Lopes B, Neves DM, Lopes CWG. 2017. Morphological, ultrastructural, and molecular characterization of intestinal tetratrichomonads isolated from non-human primates in southeastern Brazil. Parasitology Research, 116, 2479–2488. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Duboucher C, Mogenet M, Périé G. 1995. Salivary trichomoniasis. A case report of infestation of a submaxillary gland by Trichomonas tenax. Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, 119, 277–279. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Dufernez F, Walker RL, Noël C, Caby S, Mantini C, Delgado-Viscogliosi P, Ohkuma M, Kudo T, Capron M, Pierce RJ, Villanueva MR, Viscogliosi E. 2007. Morphological and molecular identification of non-Tritrichomonas foetus trichomonad protozoa from the bovine preputial cavity. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology, 54, 161–168. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Falkowski P, Liebhart D, Bobrek K, Gaweł A. 2020. The prevalence of Tetratrichomonas spp. in reproductive geese flocks. Avian Diseases, 64, 547–551. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Frey CF, Müller N. 2012. Tritrichomonas – systematics of an enigmatic genus. Molecular and Cellular Probes, 26, 132–136. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Frey CF, Müller N, Stäuber N, Marreros N, Hofmann L, Hentrich B, Hirsbrunner G. 2017. Simplicimonas-like DNA in vaginal swabs of cows and heifers cross-reacting in the real-time PCR for T. foetus. Veterinary Parasitology, 237, 30–36. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Gilbert C, Ropiquet A, Hassanin A. 2006. Mitochondrial and nuclear phylogenies of Cervidae (Mammalia, Ruminantia): systematics, morphology, and biogeography. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 40, 101–117. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Grabensteiner E, Bilic I, Kolbe T, Hess M. 2010. Molecular analysis of clonal trichomonad isolates indicate the existence of heterogenic species present in different birds and within the same host. Veterinary Parasitology, 172, 53–64. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Huang SY, Fan YM, Yang Y, Ren YJ, Gong JZ, Yao N, Yang B. 2020. Prevalence and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. in Père David’s deer (Elaphurus davidianus) in Jiangsu, China. Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinaria, 29, e017919. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Huby-Chilton F, Scandrett BW, Chilton NB, Gajadhar AA. 2009. Detection and identification of Tetratrichomonas in a preputial wash from a bull by PCR and SSCP. Veterinary Parasitology, 166, 199–204. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Janakidevi K. 1961. A new species of Hexamastix (protozoa) parasitic in the spiny-tailed lizard, Uromastix hardwickii, Zeitschrift für Parasitenkunde, 21, 151–154. [Google Scholar]
  26. Johnson EH, Windsor JJ, Clark CG. 2004. Emerging from obscurity: biological, clinical, and diagnostic aspects of Dientamoeba fragilis. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 17, 553–570. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Kim YA, Kim HY, Cho SH, Cheun HI, Yu JR, Lee SE. 2010. PCR detection and molecular characterization of Pentatrichomonas hominis from feces of dogs with diarrhea in the Republic of Korea. Korean Journal of Parasitology, 48, 9–13. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Kissinger P, Adamski A. 2013. Trichomoniasis and HIV interactions: a review. Sexually Transmitted Infections, 89, 426–433. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Landman WJM, Gantois N, Sawant M, Majoor FA, van Eck JHH, Viscogliosi E. 2021. Prevalence of trichomonads in the cloaca of wild wetland birds in the Netherlands. Avian Pathology, 50, 465–476. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Li J, Bai B, Meng Q, Cheng Z, Shan Y, Liu T, Zhong Z. 2023. Bacteria community diversity of feces of Père David’s Deer analyzed by Illumina MiSeq. Chinese Journal of Wildlife, 44, 98–105. (In Chinese). [Google Scholar]
  31. Li W, Li W, Gong P, Zhang C, Yang J, Zhang X, Li J. 2015. The prevalence of intestinal trichomonads in Chinese pigs. Veterinary Parasitology, 211, 12–15. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Li WC, Wang K, Li Y, Zhao LP, Xiao Y, Gu YF. 2018. Survey and molecular characterization of Trichomonads in pigs in Anhui province, east China, 2014. Iranian Journal of Parasitology, 13, 602–610. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Li WC, Wang K, Zhang W, Wu J, Gu YF, Zhang XC. 2016. Prevalence and molecular characterization of intestinal Trichomonads in pet dogs in east China. Korean Journal of Parasitology, 54, 703–710. [Google Scholar]
  34. Li WC, Ying M, Gong PT, Li JH, Yang J, Li H, Zhang XC. 2016. Pentatrichomonas hominis: prevalence and molecular characterization in humans, dogs, and monkeys in northern China. Parasitology Research, 115, 569–574. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Lollis L, Gerhold R, McDougald L, Beckstead R. 2011. Molecular characterization of Histomonas meleagridis and other parabasalids in the United States using the 5.8S, ITS-1, and ITS-2 rRNA regions. Journal of Parasitology, 97, 610–615. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Ma PP, Zou Y, Mu WJ, Zhang YY, Li YQ, Liu ZL, Zhang L, Chen LX, Liu GH, Wang S. 2024. Prevalence of intestinal trichomonads in captive non-human primates in China. Parasite, 31, 19. [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Mantini C, Souppart L, Noël C, Duong TH, Mornet M, Carroger G, Dupont P, Masseret E, Goustille J, Capron M, Duboucher C, Dei-Cas E, Viscogliosi E. 2009. Molecular characterization of a new Tetratrichomonas species in a patient with empyema. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 47, 2336–2339. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Maritz JM, Land KM, Carlton JM, Hirt RP. 2014 . What is the importance of zoonotic trichomonads for human health? Trends in Parasitology, 30, 333–341. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Meloni D, Mantini C, Goustille J, Desoubeaux G, Maakaroun-Vermesse Z, Chandenier J, Gantois N, Duboucher C, Fiori PL, Dei-Cas E, Duong TH, Viscogliosi E. 2011. Molecular identification of Pentatrichomonas hominis in two patients with gastrointestinal symptoms. Journal of Clinical Pathology, 64, 933–935. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. Mostegl MM, Richter B, Nedorost N, Maderner A, Dinhopl N, Weissenböck H. 2011. Investigations on the prevalence and potential pathogenicity of intestinal trichomonads in pigs using in situ hybridization. Veterinary Parasitology, 178, 58–63. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. Petrželková KJ, Smejkalová P, Céza V, Pafčo B, Shutt-Phillips KA, Todd A, Jirků-Pomajbíková K, Benavides J, Modrý D, Čepička I. 2020. Sympatric western lowland gorillas, central chimpanzees and humans are infected with different trichomonads. Parasitology, 147, 225–230. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  42. Popovic A, Cao EY, Han J, Nursimulu N, Alves-Ferreira EVC, Burrows K, Kennard A, Alsmadi N, Grigg ME, Mortha A, Parkinson J. 2024. Commensal protist Tritrichomonas musculus exhibits a dynamic life cycle that induces extensive remodeling of the gut microbiota. ISME Journal, 18, wrae023. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  43. Rushmore J, Allison AB, Edwards EE, Bagal U, Altizer S, Cranfield MR, Glenn TC, Liu H, Mudakikwa A, Mugisha L, Muller MN, Stumpf RM, Thompson ME, Wrangham R, Yabsley MJ. 2015. Screening wild and semi-free ranging great apes for putative sexually transmitted diseases: evidence of Trichomonadidae infections. American Journal of Primatology, 77, 1075–1085. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  44. Tuska-Szalay B, Kelly H, Takács N, Kontschán J, Votýpka J, Hornok S. 2022. Molecular evidence of Monocercomonas and Acanthamoeba in the feces of captive reptiles. Parasitology Research, 121, 3681–3687. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  45. Xie F, Zhang Z, Zhao A, Jing B, Qi M, Wang R. 2019. Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Père David’s deer (Elaphurus davidianus) from Shishou, China. International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife, 10, 184–187. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  46. Xu S, Zhang S, Hu X, Zhang B, Yang S, Hu X, Liu S, Hu D, Bai J. 2021. Temporal and spatial dynamics of gastrointestinal parasite infection in Père David’s deer. PeerJ, 9, e11335. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  47. Yang D, Song Y, Ma J, Li P, Zhang H, Price MRS, Li C, Jiang Z. 2016. Stepping-stones and dispersal flow: establishment of a meta-population of Milu (Elaphurus davidianus) through natural re-wilding. Scientific Reports, 6, 27297. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  48. Zhang H, Li P, Wen H, Tian G, Chen H, Zhang L, Zhu J. 2019. Population status and research progress of Père David’s Deer (Elaphurus davidianus) in China. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 51, 1–9. [Google Scholar]
  49. Zhang M, Shi M, Fan M, Xu S, Li Y, Zhang T, Cha M, Liu Y, Guo X, Chen Q, Li Y, Zhang S, Hu D, Liu S. 2018. Comparative analysis of gut microbiota changes in Père David’s Deer populations in Beijing Milu Park and Shishou, Hubei province in China. Frontiers in Microbiology, 9, 1258. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  50. Zhang Q, Zhong Z, Xia Z, Meng Q, Shan Y, Guo Q, Cheng Z, Zhang P, He H, Bai J. 2022. Molecular epidemiology and genetic diversity of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in cervids from Milu Park in Beijing, China. Animals, 12, 1539. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  51. Zhang Y, Bai J, Zhu A, Chen R, Xue D, Zhong Z, Cheng Z. 2021. Reversing extinction in China’s Père David’s deer. Science, 371, 685. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  52. Zhang Y, Lu Z, Liu Z, Zhou Y, Xiao G, Opeyemi AO, Jin S, Li Y, Liu T, Wu Q, Sun X, Xu Q, Zhang Q, Yang C. 2024. Prevalence and molecular characterization of Trichomonas gallinae from pigeons in Anhui, China. Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 107, 102157. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.

Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.

Initial download of the metrics may take a while.