Open Access
Review
Issue
Parasite
Volume 26, 2019
Article Number 41
Number of page(s) 10
DOI https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2019042
Published online 16 July 2019
  1. Abe N, Nagoshi M, Takami K, Sawano Y, Yoshikawa H. 2002. A survey of Blastocystis sp. in livestock, pets, and zoo animals in Japan. Veterinary Parasitology, 106, 203–212. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Alfellani MA, Stensvold CR, Vidal-Lapiedra A, Onuoha ESU, Fagbenro-Beyioku AF, Clark CG. 2013. Variable geographic distribution of Blastocystis subtypes and its potential implications. Acta Tropica, 126, 11–18. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Alfellani MA, Taner-Mulla D, Jacob AS, Imeede CA, Yoshikawa H, Stensvold CR, Clark CG. 2013. Genetic diversity of Blastocystis in livestock and zoo animals. Protist, 164, 497–509. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Belleza ML, Reyes JC, Tongol-Rivera PN, Rivera WL. 2016. Subtype analysis of Blastocystis sp. isolates from human and canine hosts in an urban community in the Philippines. Parasitology International, 65, 291–294. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Boorom KF, Smith H, Nimri L, Viscogliosi E, Spanakos G, Parkar U, Li LH, Zhou XN, Ok ÜZ, Leelayoova S. 2008. Oh my aching gut: irritable bowel syndrome, Blastocystis, and asymptomatic infection. Parasites & Vectors, 1, 40–40. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Cai J, Qiao JY, Zhang X, Jin XL, Ren JS, Ma QY, Wu XM. 2009. Observation on intestinal parasitic morphology and infection in captive rare wildlife in Shaanxi Province. Chinese Journal of Zoology, 44, 63–69. [Google Scholar]
  7. Chen BJ, Xie HG, Zhan RY, Li YR, Lin CX, Xie XL, Jian DW, Zhang SY. 2018. Human intestinal protozoa diseases in Fujian Province, China. Chinese Journal of Zoonoses, 34, 6. [Google Scholar]
  8. Christen Rune S, Umran Nisar A, Lee O’Brien A, Henrik Vedel N. 2012. Development and evaluation of a genus-specific, probe-based, internal-process-controlled real-time PCR assay for sensitive and specific detection of Blastocystis spp. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 50, 1847–1851. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Cian A, El SD, Osman M, Moriniere R, Gantois N, Benamrouz-Vanneste S, Delgado-Viscogliosi P, Guyot K, Li LL, Monchy S. 2017. Molecular epidemiology of Blastocystis sp. in various animal groups from two French zoos and evaluation of potential zoonotic risk. PLoS One, 12, e0169659. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Clark CG, Van dGM, Alfellani MA, Stensvold CR. 2013. Recent developments in Blastocystis research. Advances in Parasitology, 82, 1–32. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Cordón GP, Prados AH, Romero D, Moreno MS, Pontes A, Osuna A, Rosales MJ. 2008. Intestinal parasitism in the animals of the zoological garden “Peña Escrita” (Almuñecar, Spain). Veterinary Parasitology, 156, 302–309. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Brumpt E. 1912. Blastocystis hominis n sp. et formes voisines. Bull Soc Pathol Exot, 5, 725–730. [Google Scholar]
  13. Forsell J, Granlund M, Stensvold CR, Clark CG, Evengård B. 2012. Subtype analysis of Blastocystis isolates in Swedish patients. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 31, 1697. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  14. Hameed DMA, Hassanin OM, Nehal Mohamed ZF. 2011. Association of Blastocystis hominis genetic subtypes with urticaria. Parasitology Research, 108, 553–560. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Hu Y, Li YW, Lu ZC. 2012. Clinical analysis of Blastocystis hominis infection in 1185 patients with chronic diarrhea in 2011. China Tropical Medicine, 12, 713–718. [Google Scholar]
  16. Hu Y, Lu ZC, Shi HH. 2012. Survey of intestinal parasitic infections in hospitalized patients. China Tropical Medicine, 12, 1382–1395. [Google Scholar]
  17. Ithoi I, Jali A, Mak JW, Yusoff WSW, Mahmud R. 2011. Occurrence of Blastocystis in water of two rivers from recreational areas in Malaysia. Journal of Parasitology Research, 2011, 123916. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Jimenez-Gonzalez DE, Martinez-Flores WA, Reyes-Gordillo J, Ramirez-Miranda ME, Arroyo-Escalante S, Romero-Valdovinos M, Stark D, Souza-Saldivar V, Martinez-Hernandez F, Flisser A. 2012. Blastocystis infection is associated with irritable bowel syndrome in a Mexican patient population. Parasitology Research, 110, 1269–1275. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Jin QX, Yu KM, Tang LF, Tian CL, Lu ZC. 2005. Investigation of infectious status of Blastocystis hominis in 1354 outpatients. China Tropical Medicine, 5, 1469–1471. [Google Scholar]
  20. Lee MG, Stenzel DJ. 1999. A survey of Blastocystis in domestic chickens. Parasitology Research, 85, 109–117. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Li LH, Zhang XP, Lv S, Zhang L, Yoshikawa H, Wu Z, Steinmann P, Utzinger J, Tong XM, Chen SH. 2007. Cross-sectional surveys and subtype classification of human Blastocystis isolates from four epidemiological settings in China. Parasitology Research, 102, 83–90. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Li LH, Zhou XN, Du ZW, Wang XZ, Wang LB, Jiang JY, Yoshikawa H, Steinmann P, Utzinger J, Wu Z. 2007. Molecular epidemiology of human Blastocystis in a village in Yunnan province, China. Parasitology International, 56, 281–286. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Li WC, Wang K, Gu Y. 2018. Occurrence of Blastocystis sp. and Pentatrichomonas hominis in sheep and goats in China. Parasites & Vectors, 11, 93. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Li XM, Zhou H, Zhong DM, He JG. 1990. Diagnosis and treatment of two cases of Blastocystis hominis. Chinese Journal of Pediatrics, 28, 8. [Google Scholar]
  25. Li XX, Chen JX, Wang LX, Tian LG, Zhang YP, Dong SP, Hu XG, Liu J, Wang FF, Wang Y. 2015. Prevalence and risk factors of intestinal protozoan and helminth infections among pulmonary tuberculosis patients without HIV infection in a rural county in P. R. China. Acta Tropica, 149, 19–26. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Lim YAL, Ngui R, Shukri J, Rohela M, Naim HRM. 2008. Intestinal parasites in various animals at a zoo in Malaysia. Veterinary Parasitology, 157, 154–159. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Mónica S, María Teresa GMO, Gloria SA, Ronald F. 2011. Development of a new PCR protocol to detect and subtype Blastocystis spp. from humans and animals. Parasitology Research, 109, 205–212. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Matsumoto Y, Yamada M, Yoshida Y. 1987. Light-microscopical appearance and ultrastructure of Blastocystis hominis, an intestinal parasite of man. Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, 264, 379–385. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  29. Mattiucci S, Crisafi B, Gabrielli S, Paoletti M, Cancrini G. 2016. Molecular epidemiology and genetic diversity of Blastocystis infection in humans in Italy. Epidemiology and Infection, 144, 635–646. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Mehlhorn H, Tan KSW, Yoshikawa H. 2012. Blastocystis: pathogen or Passenger? Springer Berlin Heidelberg. 225 p. [Google Scholar]
  31. Moe KT, Singh M, Howe J, Ho LC, Tan SW, Ng GC, Chen XQ, Yap EH. 1996. Observations on the ultrastructure and viability of the cystic stage of Blastocystis hominis from human feces. Parasitology Research, 82, 439–444. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Moosavi A, Haghighi A, Mojarad EN, Zayeri F, Alebouyeh M, Khazan H, Kazemi B, Zali MR. 2012. Genetic variability of Blastocystis sp. isolated from symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals in Iran. Parasitology Research, 111, 2311–2315. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Nagel R, Cuttell L, Stensvold CR, Mills PC, Bielefeldt-Ohmann H, Traub RJ. 2012. Blastocystis subtypes in symptomatic and asymptomatic family members and pets and response to therapy. Internal Medicine Journal, 42, 1187–1195. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Navarro C, Domínguez-Márquez MV, Garijo-Toledo MM, Vega-García S, Fernández-Barredo S, Pérez-Gracia MT, García A, Borrás R, Gómez-Muñoz MT. 2008. High prevalence of Blastocystis sp. in pigs reared under intensive growing systems: frequency of ribotypes and associated risk factors. Veterinary Parasitology, 153, 347–358. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Parkar U, Traub RJ, Vitali S, Elliot A, Levecke B, Robertson I, Geurden T, Steele J, Drake B, Thompson RCA. 2010. Molecular characterization of Blastocystis isolates from zoo animals and their animal-keepers. Veterinary Parasitology, 169, 8–17. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Poirier P, Wawrzyniak I, Albert A, El Alaoui H, Delbac F, Livrelli V. 2011. Development and evaluation of a real-time PCR assay for detection and quantification of Blastocystis parasites in human stool samples: prospective study of patients with hematological malignancies. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 49, 975–983. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Quílez J, Sánchez-Acedo C, Clavel A, Causapé AC. 1995. Occurrence of Blastocystis sp. in cattle in Aragón, northeastern Spain. Parasitology Research, 81, 703–705. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Riisberg I, Orr RJS, Kluge R, Shalchian-Tabrizi K, Bowers HA, Patil V, Edvardsen B, Jakobsen KS. 2009. Seven gene phylogeny of Heterokonts. Protist, 160, 191–204. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Roberts T, Barratt J, Harkness J, Ellis J, Stark D, Roberts T, Barratt J, Harkness J, Ellis J, Stark D. 2011. Comparison of microscopy, culture, and conventional polymerase chain reaction for detection of Blastocystis sp. in clinical stool samples. American Journal of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene, 84, 308. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  40. Roberts T, Stark D, Harkness J, Ellis J. 2013. Subtype distribution of Blastocystis isolates from a variety of animals from New South Wales, Australia. Veterinary Parasitology, 196, 85–89. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. Ronald F, Monica S, Dumitru M. 2012. Detection of concurrent infection of dairy cattle with Blastocystis, Cryptosporidium, Giardia, and Enterocytozoon by molecular and microscopic methods. Parasitology Research, 111, 1349–1355. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  42. Sarinee J, Porntip P, Kookwan S, Somchai P, Arunnee S, Chotechana W, Wachanan W, Hisao Y. 2013. Subtype identification of Blastocystis spp. isolated from patients in a major hospital in northeastern Thailand. Parasitology Research, 112, 1781–1786. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  43. Silberman JD, Sogin ML, Leipe DD, Clark CG. 1996. Human parasite finds taxonomic home. Nature, 380, 398–398. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  44. Song JK, Hu RS, Fan XC, Wang SS, Zhang HJ, Zhao GH. 2017. Molecular characterization of Blastocystis from pigs in Shaanxi province of China. Acta Tropica, 173, 130–135. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  45. Song JK, Yin YL, Yuan YJ, Tang H, Ren GJ, Zhang HJ, Li ZX, Zhang YM, Zhao GH. 2017. First genotyping of Blastocystis sp. in dairy, meat, and cashmere goats in northwestern China. Acta Tropica, 176, 277–282. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  46. Souppart L, Moussa H, Cian A, Sanciu G, Poirier P, Alaoui HE, Delbac F, Boorom K, Delhaes L, Dei-Cas E. 2010. Subtype analysis of Blastocystis isolates from symptomatic patients in Egypt. Parasitology Research, 106, 505–511. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  47. Steinmann P, Du ZW, Wang LB, Wang XZ, Jiang JY, Li LH, Marti H, Zhou XN, Utzinger J. 2008. Extensive multiparasitism in a village of Yunnan province, People’s Republic of China, revealed by a suite of diagnostic methods. American Journal of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene, 78, 760–769. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  48. Stensvold CR, Alfellani MA, Nørskov-Lauritsen S, Prip K, Victory EL, Maddox C, Nielsen HV, Clark CG. 2009. Subtype distribution of Blastocystis isolates from synanthropic and zoo animals and identification of a new subtype. International Journal for Parasitology, 39, 473–479. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  49. Taamasri P, Mungthin M, Rangsin R, Tongupprakarn B, Areekul W, Leelayoova S. 2000. Transmission of intestinal blastocystosis related to the quality of drinking water. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 31, 112–117. [Google Scholar]
  50. Tai WP, Hu PJ, Wu J, Lin XC. 2011. Six ulcerative colitis patients with refractory symptoms co-infective with Blastocystis hominis in China. Parasitology Research, 108, 1207–1210. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  51. Tan KS. 2004. Blastocystis in humans and animals: new insights using modern methodologies. Veterinary Parasitology, 126, 121–144. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  52. Tan KS. 2008. New insights on classification, identification, and clinical relevance of Blastocystis spp. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 21, 639. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  53. Tan TC, Tan PC, Sharma R, Sugnaseelan S, Suresh KG. 2013. Genetic diversity of caprine Blastocystis from Peninsular Malaysia. Parasitology Research, 112, 85–89. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  54. Tang N, Luo NJ. 2016. A cross-sectional study of intestinal parasitic infections in a rural district of west China. Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases, 14, 159–162. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  55. Wang J, Gong B, Yang F, Zhang W, Zheng Y, Liu A. 2018. Subtype distribution and genetic characterizations of Blastocystis in pigs, cattle, sheep and goats in northeastern China’s Heilongjiang Province. Infection, Genetics and Evolution, 57, 171–176. [Google Scholar]
  56. Wang J, Gong B, Liu X, Zhao W, Bu T, Zhang W, et al. 2018. Distribution and genetic diversity of Blastocystis subtypes in various mammal and bird species in northeastern China. Parasites and Vectors, 11, 522. [Google Scholar]
  57. Wang KX, Li CP, Wang J, Cui YB. 2002. Epidemiological survey of Blastocystis hominis in Huainan City, Anhui Province, China. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 8, 928–932. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  58. Gorchev HG, Ozolins G. 1984. WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality. WHO Chronicle, 38, 104–108. [Google Scholar]
  59. Wu GH, Xiong YS, Cao GL, Li GM, Liu MZ, Zhu JL. 2000. Investigation of an epidemic outbreak of Blastocystis. Chinese Journal of Parasitic Diseases Control, 13, 25–27. [Google Scholar]
  60. Yamada M, Yoshikawa H, Tegoshi T, Matsumoto Y, Yoshikawa T, Shiota T, Yoshida Y. 1987. Light microscopical study of Blastocystis spp. in monkeys and fowls. Parasitology Research, 73, 527. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  61. Yan Y, Su S, Ye J, Lai X, Lai R, Liao H, Chen G, Zhang R, Hou Z, Luo X. 2007. Blastocystis sp. subtype 5: a possibly zoonotic genotype. Parasitology Research, 101, 1527–1532. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  62. Yoshikawa H, Yoshida K, Nakajima A, Yamanari K, Iwatani S, Kimata I. 2004. Fecal-oral transmission of the cyst form of Blastocystis hominis in rats. Parasitology Research, 94, 391–396. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  63. Yoshikawa H, Wu Z, Pandey K, Pandey BD, Sherchand JB, Yanagi T, Kanbara H. 2009. Molecular characterization of Blastocystis isolates from children and rhesus monkeys in Kathmandu, Nepal. Veterinary Parasitology, 160, 295–300. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  64. Zanzani SA, Gazzonis AL, Epis S, Manfredi MT. 2016. Study of the gastrointestinal parasitic fauna of captive non-human primates (Macaca fascicularis). Parasitology Research, 115, 307–312. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  65. Zhang SX, Zhou YM, Xu W, Tian LG, Chen JX, Chen SH, Dang ZS, Gu WP, Yin JW, Serrano E. 2016. Impact of co-infections with enteric pathogens on children suffering from acute diarrhea in southwest China. Infectious Diseases of Poverty, 5, 64. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  66. Zhang W, Ren G, Zhao W, Yang Z, Shen Y, Sun Y, Liu A, Cao J. 2017. Genotyping of Enterocytozoon bieneusi and subtyping of Blastocystis in cancer patients: Relationship to diarrhea and assessment of zoonotic transmission. Frontiers in Microbiology, 8, 1835. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.

Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.

Initial download of the metrics may take a while.