Supplementary material

Supplementary File 1: Study sites. Download File(s)

Supplementary File 2: Animals present at the various sites according to GEPMA (Groupe d’Étude et de Protection des Mammifères d’Alsace). Download File(s)

Supplementary File 3: Regression analyses

Generalized linear models (GLMs). Negative binomial regression for nymphal abundance (DON). Logistic regression for nymphal infection prevalence (NIP).

Supplementary Table S1: Number of Ixodes ricinus nymphs collected at the sites from March to June 2024. Counts for each triplicate and total per site and month. Download File(s)

Figure 5 Supplementary Figure S1: Infected nymphs versus analyzed nymphs within the three zones (ecosystems) examined.

Supplementary Table S2: Nymphal infection prevalence (NIP). Table S2a: Nymphal infection prevalence (NIP) for the 8 sites. Table S2b: Nymphal infection prevalence (NIP) for the 3 zones (ecosystems). Table S2c: Nymphal infection prevalence (NIP) for the 4 months. Download File(s)

Supplementary Table S3: Bacterial pathogens. Tested bacteria: BOR: Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, ANA: Anaplasma phagocytophilum, NEH: Neoehrlichia mikurensis. Table S3a: Pathogen abundance for each bacterium versus sites. Table S3b: Bacteria abundance versus zones (after grouping of sites). Table S3c: Bacteria abundance versus months. Download File(s)

© J. Stynen et al., published by EDP Sciences, 2026