Insights into the genetic diversity and species distribution of Oswaldocruzia nematodes (Trichostrongylida: Molineidae) in Europe: apparent absence of geographic and population structuring in amphibians

Open Access

Issue		Parasite Volume 32, 2025


Article Number		27
Number of page(s)		18
DOI		https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2025020
Published online		23 April 2025

Supplementary material

Supplementary Table S1: A list of analyzed Oswaldocruzia spp. individuals with respective hosts and collection localities and COI GenBank accession numbers for each haplotype representative sequence.

ID = specific code used for the respective Oswaldocruzia specimen; Haplotype = respective haplotype corresponding to Figures 2 and 4 and further discussed in the Results and Discussion sections; Cluster = position within multivariate space resulting from PCoA, as shown in Figure 3. Sequences retrieved from GenBank are marked by asterisks (*), sequences used for construction of phylogenetic tree are marked by a dagger (†).

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Supplementary Table S2: Individual host infections of Oswaldocruzia parasites at each collection site. Access here

Supplementary Figure S1:

Regional map showing in detail the collection sites from Central Europe (Czechia and Slovakia).

Localities where O. ukrainae was confirmed are marked with a black dot inside the circle. A = Localities from Western Slovakia and Czechia; B = Localities from Central Slovakia; C = Localities from Eastern Slovakia; CZ = Czechia; AT = Austria; SK = Slovakia; PL = Poland; UA = Ukraine; HU = Hungary. The locality abbreviations correspond to those in the other tables and text.

Supplementary Figure S2:

Regional map showing in detail the collection sites from the Balkan peninsula.

A = Localities from Romania; B = Localities from the remaining Balkan countries; HU = Hungary; RO = Romania; MD = Moldova; UA = Ukraine; HR = Croatia; BA = Bosnia and Herzegovina; RS = Serbia; BG = Bulgaria; RKS = Kosovo; AL = Albania; MK = Macedonia; GR = Greece; TR = Türkiye. The locality abbreviations correspond to those in the other tables and text.

Supplementary Figure S3:

Defined river basins used in the PcoA analyses.

Dots on the map represent all sequences used in the PcoA analyses obtained during this study or from the GenBank database. Green dots represent localities with novel data from Central Europe, yellow dots represent localities with novel data from the Balkan peninsula, pink dots represent the Italian locality of Oswaldocruzia sp., for which sequence data were obtained from the GenBank database from Italy, and brown dots represent the Russian localities of Oswaldocruzia spp., for which sequence data were retrieved from GenBank. A = South-eastern European River basins; B = Danube River basin; C = Volga and Ural River basins.

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