Supplementary material

Supplementary material 1: Entomological database.

Traps Nb: Number of each trap

PGE: Peripheral Gardening Area

TotalGloss_TxMonthYear: Total number of tsetse flies captured per period of entomological monitoring (Tx) per month and per year

ADT_TxMonthYear: Apparent Density per Trap per day per period of entomological monitoring (Tx) per month and per year

Infect_T0MonthYear: Number of infected tsetse flies per period of entomological monitoring (Tx) per month and per year

NS: Not Set

T₀: Trap set on sites identified during the January 2020 initial entomological survey

Supplementary material 2: Genotyping data base

FlyNb: Number of each tsetse fly

Tx: Entomological monitoring

XpGp13 to GPCAG: microsatellite loci

Supplementary material 3: F_IS results estimated within traps, zones or cohorts

F_IS are shown for each locus. The average F_IS for all loci is represented by empty black circles.

Supplementary material 4: Comparison of F_IS between neutral loci

F_IS values are represented by solid black circles, and their 95% confidence intervals by dashes (bootstrap on individuals for each locus or on loci (All)). Significant deviations from panmictic expectations, the number of observed and expected missing data (in brackets) and the results of the stuttering test are also provided.

Supplementary material 5: F_IS regression as a function of the number of missing genotypes

Regression of F_IS against the number of missing genotypes with neutral loci only is represented by the single line with 95% CI bootstraps on individuals (F_IS__i et F_IS__s, dashed lines). All equations are given and the coefficient of determination (R²) is provided for the mean. Results for the XB110, XB104 and pGp24 loci are represented by an empty circle, a full circle and an empty square, respectively (black dashes represent 95% CIs). They do not participate in the regression. The other loci are represented by crosses.

Supplementary material 6: Regression of F_IS as a function of null allele frequencies (p_nulls) obtained with neutral loci only

The 95% CI of bootstraps on individuals (dotted lines) (F_IS__i and F_IS__s). All equations are given and the coefficient of determination (R²) is provided for the mean.

© Y.J.R. Konan et al., published by EDP Sciences, 2025