Flow cytometry of rTsSPc-induced RAW264.7 macrophage M1 polarization. Flow cytometry was performed to evaluate the rTsSPc’s effect on the polarization of RAW264.7 macrophages. A: The rTsSPc effect on CD86 (M1) expression in RAW264.7 macrophages was assessed, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used as the M1 positive control. The macrophages were identified by co-staining for F4/80 and CD11b. B: The impact of rTsSPc on CD206 (M2) expression was also examined, with IL-4 serving as the M2 positive control, and the same F4/80/CD11b markers were applied to identify RAW264.7 macrophages. Each test had three replicates. * p < 0.05 compared with the DMEM group.