CCK-8 assay of rTsSPc and IIL ESA effects on RAW264.7 cell viability. rTsSPc or IIL ESA (5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 μg/mL) were co-cultured with RAW264.7 macrophages for 24 and 48 h, and the effect of rTsSPc on cell viability was assessed. The OD₄₅₀ values were measured by the SpectraMax i3X (Molecular Devices, San Jose, CA, USA). The data from three independent tests are exhibited as the mean ± SD. *p < 0.05 in comparison with the PBS group.