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Similarities and differences in ESPs between O. viverrini and C. sinensis. It compares the shared and unique components in the ESPs of O. viverrini and C. sinensis, including growth factor-like proteins, cysteine proteases, and immunomodulatory proteins, highlighting their potential differential roles in carcinogenesis. IL-17A: Interleukin-17A, GM-CSF: Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor, RA: Rheumatoid Arthritis, AS: Ankylosing Spondylitis, TSPs: Tetraspanins, Ov-Trx-1: O. viverrini Thioredoxin-1, CsGRN: Clonorchis sinensis Granulin, Ov-GRN-1: O. viverrini Granulin-1, Cs-GT: Clonorchis sinensis Glutathione Transferase, OvGST: O. viverrini Glutathione S-Transferase, MMNK1: Human cholangiocyte cell line, NIH-3T3: Mouse embryonic fibroblast cell line, AKT: Protein Kinase B, RAS: Rat Sarcoma virus gene, MAPK: Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase, PI3K: Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase, Ov-TSP-2: O. viverrini Tetraspanin-2.

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