Open Access
Table 2
Subgroup analysis.
| Pooled proportion | Test for subgroup difference | Prevalence estimate (%) (95% CI) | I2 (%) | Number of studies |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | 8.34 (5.48–12.51) | 98.2 | 60 | |
| Publication year | 0.0815 | |||
| Before 2000 | 4.14 (2.51–6.76) | N/A | 1 | |
| 2000–2009 | 5.91 (2.47–13.47) | 98.6 | 19 | |
| 2010–2019 | 19.79 (18.98–20.63) | 96.9 | 26 | |
| 2020–2024 | 16.16 (15.28–17.09) | 98.7 | 14 | |
| Study design | 0.1929 | |||
| Cross-sectional study | 8.10 (5.20–12.41) | 98.2 | 57 | |
| Cohort study | 13.57 (7.05–24.55) | 97.3 | 3 | |
| Regions of Thailand | <0.0001 | |||
| Eastern Thailand | 13.54 (7.41–23.44) | 97.9 | 12 | |
| Western Thailand | 10.09 (2.83–30.17) | 98.7 | 6 | |
| Central Thailand | 8.85 (4.89–15.48) | 96.8 | 20 | |
| Northern Thailand | 7.11 (1.49–27.91) | 98.2 | 8 | |
| Northeastern Thailand | 4.73 (1.51–13.84) | 88.5 | 6 | |
| Southern Thailand | 2.79 (1.96–3.97) | 39.2 | 4 | |
| Northern, Eastern Thailand | 67.23 (61.01–72.89) | N/A | 1 | |
| Central, Northeastern, Northern, Eastern, Western, Southern Thailand | 32.79 (30.72–34.93) | N/A | 1 | |
| Central, Northern, Northeastern, Western Thailand | 40.59 (37.62–43.62) | N/A | 1 | |
| Central, Northeastern Thailand | 0.07 (0.02–0.23) | N/A | 1 | |
| Age groups | ||||
| Children | 0.7490 | 6.05 (2.35–14.71) | 98.3 | 19 |
| Adults | 11.68 (4.07–29.20) | 98.4 | 11 | |
| All age groups | 8.23 (4.57–14.38) | 97.7 | 19 | |
| Not specified | 10.45 (5.03–20.44) | 97.9 | 11 | |
| Types of participants | <0.0001 | |||
| School children | 7.50 (2.63–19.59) | 98.6 | 13 | |
| Villagers | 6.31 (2.89–13.21) | 97.7 | 17 | |
| Military personnel | 29.87 (20.61–41.13) | 95.6 | 5 | |
| Orphans | 29.01 (9.77–60.67) | 97.7 | 3 | |
| Hill-tribe children | 1.87 (0.79–4.37) | 71.8 | 3 | |
| Orphans, childcare workers | 17.75 (8.98–32.07) | 96.9 | 2 | |
| Preschool children | 2.48 (0.36–15.32) | 94.7 | 2 | |
| School children, villagers | 1.20 (0.02–39.99) | 98.9 | 2 | |
| Mentally disabled people | 1.41 (0.86–2.28) | 97.3 | 2 | |
| School children, preschool children | 40.66 (29.80–52.51) | 98.2 | 2 | |
| Pig handlers, villagers near pig farms | 9.21 (5.69–14.57) | 67.4 | 2 | |
| Monks or nuns, villagers | 5.88 (3.37–10.07) | N/A | 1 | |
| Gardeners | 9.09 (6.12–13.31) | N/A | 1 | |
| Food handlers | 5.06 (1.91–12.73) | N/A | 1 | |
| Children and caregivers | 13.57 (9.90–18.31) | N/A | 1 | |
| Participants at a Home for Girls | 31.89 (27.34–36.82) | N/A | 1 | |
| Thai laborers | 4.14 (2.51–6.76) | N/A | 1 | |
| Participants who enrolled in annual check-up programs | 17.40 (15.88–19.03) | N/A | 1 | |
| Methods of Blastocystis detection | < 0.0001 | |||
| Molecular method (alone or with other methods) | 21.42 (13.31–32.61) | 97.9 | 19 | |
| Concentration method (alone or with direct smear) | 3.43 (1.85–6.29) | 98.1 | 25 | |
| Culture (with non-molecular methods) | 22.11 (14.43–32.34) | 98.5 | 10 | |
| Direct smear (only) | 1.79 (0.45–6.86) | 93.0 | 6 |
N/A, not assessed.
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