Table 3
Anti-Cryptosporidium efficacy of different western medications in human clinical and host models.
Therapeutic drug | Experimental paradigm | Research type | Reference | Types of treatment | Efficacy |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clinical cure |
Parasitological cure |
|||||||
Degree of diarrhea | Change in weight | Infection intensity | Oocyst shedding | |||||
Nitazoxanide | AIDS patients | CT | [52] | Therapeutic | + | + | + | |
Non-immunodeficient patients | CT | [157] | Therapeutic | + | + | + | ||
HIV-negative child patients | CT | [15] | Therapeutic | − | − | ± | ||
goat neonates | IVS | [176] | Prophylactic | NR | − | + | ||
Nitazoxanide-octaarginine | HCT-8 cells | IVE | [144] | Therapeutic | NR | + | ||
Nitazoxanide-secnidazole | Swiss albino mice | IVS | [126] | Therapeutic | NR | + | ||
Clofazimine-nitazoxanide | Swiss albino mice | IVS | [58] | Therapeutic | NR | + | ||
Clofazimine | HIV-infected patients | CT | [203] | Therapeutic | NR | − | ||
Severely immunocompromised HIV patients | CT | [93] | Therapeutic | − | NR | − | ||
Paromomycin | Patients with AIDS | CT | [184] | Therapeutic | + | NR | + | |
AIDS patients (CD4 cell < or = 150/mm) | CT | [85] | Therapeutic | ± | NR | ± | ||
BALB/c mice | IVS | [18] | Therapeutic | NR | + | |||
C57BL/6 mice | IVS | [122] | Therapeutic | NR | + | |||
Paromomycin sulfate | (HCT-8 and Caco-2) cells | IVE | [128] | Therapeutic | NR | + | ||
Azithromycin | Immunocompromised children | CT | [12] | Therapeutic | + | + | ||
Mefloquine | Swiss albino mice | IVS | [57] | Therapeutic/Prophylactic | NR | + |
Note: “CT” indicates clinical trial; “IVS” indicates in vivo studies; “IVE” indicates in vitro experiments; “NR” denotes no reported; “+” denotes significant improvement; “−” denotes no significant improvement; “±” denotes moderate improvement.
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