Table 4
Nanoparticle carriers with amphotericin B.
| Type of nanoparticle/Main components | Leishmania species | Administration/host species | Effect compared to drug’s free form | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PN/PLGA | L. major | IL/mouse | Efficacy increased in IL injection with no systemic toxicity. | [1] |
| PN/PLGA – PS | L. donovani | IV/hamster | Increased efficacy through specific distribution (liver, spleen). | [89] |
| PN/PLGA – lactoferrin | L. donovani | IP/hamster | Efficacy increased by accumulation in liver and spleen, reduced toxicity. | [5] |
| PN/PLGA – PEG | L. donovani | IV/hamster | Increased efficacy compared to free form. | [48] |
| PN/PLGA – stearylamine | L. donovani | IP/hamster | Toxicity decreased. Promote a Th1 response. Synergistic effect of the drug with stearylamine. | [6] |
| PN/BSA | L. amazonensis | IP/mouse | Toxicity decreased. Superior efficacy towards amastigotes. | [15] |
| PN/Glycol chitosan stearate | L. donovani | IP/hamster | Toxicity decreased. Efficacy increased. Specific distribution (liver, spleen) and less in kidneys. | [40] |
| PN/Chitosan anchor and miltefosine stabilization | L. donovani | IP/hamster | Toxicity decreased. Specific distribution to target organs (liver, spleen). | [100] |
| PN/TGNP | L. amazonensis | IP/hamster | Increased efficacy. Reduced toxicity. | [96] |
| PN/Guar gum – Eudragit – Piperine | L. donovani | O/IP/hamster | Toxicity decreased. Efficacy increased. Specific distribution (liver, spleen). Less nephrotoxicity. Increased activity upon oral delivery. | [76] |
| PN or dendrimer/Chitosan nanoparticles or LGD | L. major | IP/mouse | Toxicity decreased and efficacy increased. | [114] |
| Dendrimer/ALGD | L. major | IP/mouse | Increased efficacy and solubility. Toxicity decreased. | [32] |
| Liposome – polymer/DSHemsPC | L. major | IV/mouse | Cost decreased. Same efficacy. | [43] |
| Liposome/PC – Cholesterol | L. major | T/mouse | Increased efficacy due to higher penetration properties. | [100] |
| Solid lipid nanoparticle/Compritol® 888 ATO | L. major | T/mouse | Increased efficacy, reduction in lesion size and amastigote count. | [91] |
| PN/Polycaprolactone | L. amazonensis or L. infantum | RO/mouse | Increased specificity in targeting to liver, spleen and lungs. | [94] |
| Liposome – polymer/Stearylamine | L. major | T/mouse | Direct activity of stearylamine. Increased permeation of the cream. | [100] |
| Liposome/Cholesterol – DP – DSPC and DSPE – PEG2000 | L. infantum | IV/mouse | Immunomodulatory effect in favor of a Th1 response with reduction of inflammation. | [78] |
IV: intravenous; IP: intraperitoneal; IL: intralesional; O: oral; T: topical; RO: retro-orbital; PN: polymeric nanoparticle; PLGA: poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid; LGD: linear globular dendrimers; ALGD: anionic linear globular dendrimer; BSA: bovine serum albumin; PEG: polyethylene glycol; PC: phosphatidylcholine; PS: phosphaditylserine; DSPC: distearoylphosphatidylcholine; DSPE: distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine; DP: dicetylphosphate; DSHemsPC: 1,2-distigmasterylhemisuccinoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine; TGNP: triglyceride-rich nanoparticles. Mouse model used in articles is BALB/c mice. Hamster model used in articles is Syrian Golden Hamsters.
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