Open Access
Review
Table 3
Combination therapies for canine leishmaniases.
| Combination treatments | Advantages | Region | Leishmania species | References | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Meglumine antimoniate (SC, 100 mg/kg/day, 28 days) or paromomycin (SC, 15 mg/kg/day, 28 days) | Allopurinol (O, 10 mg/kg 2×/day, 2 months) | This study aimed to prove the efficacy and safety of the paromomycin/allopurinol combination in non-azotemic dogs and compared it to the reference treatment meglumine antimoniate/allopurinol | Greece | L. infantum | [44] |
| Meglumine antimoniate (SC, 100 mg/kg/day, 30 days) or miltefosine (O, 2 mg/kg/day, 30 days) | Allopurinol (O, 10 mg/kg 2×/day, 2 months)Allopurinol (O, 10 mg/kg/day, 30 days then maintained over 6 years) | Both therapies show a similar efficacy in parasite burden reduction. Fewer relapses were observed in combination with meglumine antimoniate compared to miltefosine | Italy | [54] | |
| Meglumine antimoniate (SC, 100 mg/kg/day, 4 weeks) or miltefosine (O, 2 mg/kg/day, 4 weeks) | Allopurinol (O, 10 mg/kg 2×/day, 6 months) | Both treatment protocols favor remission. Both combination treatments lead to a sustained inflammatory environment deleterious to the parasite, directly affecting cytokine generation | Portugal | [84] | |
O: oral; SC: subcutaneous.
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