Open Access
Table 1.
Prevalence of antibodies to Neospora caninum in dogs from Portugal as determined by a competitive ELISA.
| Independent variable/category | No. of dogs tested (%) | Seroprevalence (%) | 95% CI (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Region | 441 | p = 0.016 | |
| North | 88 (20.0) | 10.2a | 4.8–18.5 |
| Centre | 83 (18.8) | 1.2a,b,c | 0.03–6.5 |
| Alentejo | 110 (24.9) | 5.5d | 2.0–11.5 |
| Lisbon | 80 (18.1) | 15.0b,d | 8.0–24.7 |
| Algarve | 80 (18.1) | 8.8c | 3.6–17.2 |
| Gender | 430 | p = 0.555 | |
| Female | 211 (49.1) | 7.1 | 4.0–11.4 |
| Male | 219 (50.9) | 9.1 | 5.7–13.7 |
| Breed | 426 | p = 0.151 | |
| Pure | 256 (60.1) | 6.3 | 3.6–9.9 |
| Mongrel | 170 (39.9) | 10.6 | 6.4–16.2 |
| Age (months) | 409 | p = 0.312 | |
| [2–11] | 32 (7.8) | 12.5 | 3.5–29.0 |
| [12–204] | 377 (92.2) | 7.7 | 5.2–10.9 |
| Main aptitude | 319 | ND | |
| Pet | 115 (36.1) | 7.0 | 3.1–13.2 |
| Hunting | 59 (18.5) | 1.7e | 0.04–9.1 |
| Stray | 59 (18.5) | 13.6e | 6.0–25.0 |
| Guard and watch | 44 (13.8) | 11.4 | 3.8–24.6 |
| Farm and pastoral | 21 (6.6) | 4.8 | 0.6–16.2 |
| Habitat | 359 | p = 0.745 | |
| Urban | 132 (36.8) | 6.8 | 3.2–12.5 |
| Rural | 227 (63.2) | 8.4 | 5.1–12.8 |
| Housing | 419 | p = 0.137 | |
| Totally indoors | 36 (8.6) | 0.0 | 0.0–9.7 |
| In- and outdoors | 157 (37.5) | 10.2 | 5.9–16.0 |
| Totally outdoors | 226 (53.9) | 8.4 | 5.1–12.8 |
| Contact with other animals | 405 | p = 0.254 | |
| No | 98 (24.2) | 5.1 | 1.7–11.5 |
| Yes | 307 (75.8) | 9.4 | 6.4–13.3 |
| Food | 264 | p = 0.257 | |
| Strictly commercial | 127 (48.1) | 3.9 | 1.3–8.9 |
| Including or strictly home-prepared | 137 (51.9) | 8.0 | 4.1–13.9 |
| Compatible clinical signs | 284 | p = 0.050 | |
| Absent | 270 (95.1) | 5.6 | 3.1–9.0 |
| Present* | 14 (4.9) | 21.4 | 4.7–50.8 |
| Total | 441 | 7.9 | 5.4–10.6 |
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