Issue |
Parasite
Volume 21, 2014
Novel Approaches to the Control of Parasites in Goats and Sheep. Invited editors: Hervé Hoste, Smaragda Sotiraki and Michel Alvinerie
|
|
---|---|---|
Article Number | 31 | |
Number of page(s) | 10 | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2014032 | |
Published online | 30 June 2014 |
Review Article
Ruminant self-medication against gastrointestinal nematodes: evidence, mechanism, and origins☆
Automédication des ruminants contre les nématodes gastro-intestinaux : preuves, mécanismes et origines
1
Department of Wildland Resources, Utah State University, 5230 Old Main Hill, Logan, Utah
84322-5230, USA
2
Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, 70803
Baton Rouge, USA
3
Department of Natural Resources, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, the Volcani Center, Bet Dagan
50250, Israel
4
Department of Biology, Barnard College, Columbia University, 3009 Broadway, New York, NY, USA
* Corresponding author: juan.villalba@usu.edu
Received:
10
January
2014
Accepted:
17
June
2014
Gastrointestinal helminths challenge ruminants in ways that reduce their fitness. In turn, ruminants have evolved physiological and behavioral adaptations that counteract this challenge. Ruminants display anorexia and avoidance behaviors, which tend to reduce the incidence of parasitism. In addition, ruminants appear to learn to self-medicate against gastrointestinal parasites by increasing consumption of plant secondary compounds with antiparasitic actions. This selective feeding improves health and fitness. Here, we review the evidence for self-medication in ruminants, propose a hypothesis to explain self-medicative behaviors (based on post-ingestive consequences), and discuss mechanisms (e.g., enhanced neophilia, social transmission) that may underlie the ontogeny and spread of self-medicative behaviors in social groups. A better understanding of the mechanisms that underlie and trigger self-medication in parasitized animals will help scientists devise innovative and more sustainable management strategies for improving ruminant health and well-being.
Résumé
Les helminthes gastro-intestinaux posent aux ruminants un défi en matière de fitness. À leur tour, les ruminants ont évolué des adaptations physiologiques et comportementales qui s’opposent à ce défi. Les ruminants présentent de l’anorexie et des comportements d’évitement, qui tendent à réduire l’incidence du parasitisme. En outre, les ruminants semblent apprendre à s’auto-médicamenter contre les parasites gastro-intestinaux en augmentant leur consommation des composés secondaires de plantes qui ont une action antiparasitaire. Cette alimentation sélective améliore santé et fitness. Dans ce travail, nous passons en revue les éléments de preuve de l’automédication chez les ruminants, proposons une hypothèse pour expliquer les comportements d’automédication (sur la base des conséquences post-ingestives), et discutons des mécanismes (par exemple, néophilie améliorées, transmission sociale) qui peuvent sous-tendre l’ontogenèse et la propagation des comportements d’automédication dans les groupes sociaux. Une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes qui sous-tendent et déclenchent l’automédication chez les animaux parasités aidera les scientifiques à élaborer des stratégies de gestion innovantes et plus durables pour améliorer la santé et le bien-être des ruminants.
Key words: Diet selection / Foraging behavior / Condensed tannins / Learning
© J.J. Villalba et al., published by EDP Sciences, 2014
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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