EDP Sciences logo
Submit your paper
Search
Menu
All issues Volume 27 (2020) Parasite, 27 (2020) 13 References
Open Access
Review
Issue
Parasite
Volume 27, 2020
Article Number 13
Number of page(s) 12
DOI https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2020010
Published online 12 March 2020
  1. Abu Baker M, Brown JS. 2010. Islands of fear: effects of wooded patches on habitat suitability of the striped mouse in a South African grassland. Functional Ecology, 24, 1313–1322. [Google Scholar]
  2. Akinboade OA, Awotoye A, Dipeolu OO. 1984. Prevalence of trichinosis in pigs in Oyo State of Nigeria. Annales de la Société Belge de Médecine Tropicale, 64, 315–318. [Google Scholar]
  3. Atkinson RPD, Macdonald DW, Kamizola R. 2002. Dietary opportunism in side-striped jackal Canis adustis Sundevall. Journal of Zoology, 257, 129–139. [Google Scholar]
  4. Bailey TN. 1993. The African leopard: ecology and behaviour of a solitary felid. Columbia University Press: New York, p. 429. [Google Scholar]
  5. du Bothma J du P. 1971. Food habits of some carnivora (Mammalia) from southern Africa. Annals of the Transvaal Museum, 27, 15–26. [Google Scholar]
  6. Britov VA, Boev SN. 1972. Taxonomic rank of various strains of Trichinella and their circulation in nature. Vestnik Akademii Nauk KSSR, 28, 27–32. [Google Scholar]
  7. Busse C. 1980. Leopard and lion predation upon chacma baboons living in the Moremi Wildlife Reserve. Botswana Notes & Records, 12, 15–21. [Google Scholar]
  8. Campbell WC. 1988. Trichinosis revisited, another look at modes of transmission. Parasitology Today, 4, 83–86. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  9. Cumming DHM. 1975. A field study of the ecology and behaviour of warthog. The Trustees of the National Museums and Monuments of Rhodesia Salisbury. Rhodesia, Museum Memoir No 7, p. 179. [Google Scholar]
  10. Davidson Z, Valeix M, Van Kesteren F, Loveridge AJ, Hunt JE, Murindagomo F, Macdonald DW. 2013. Seasonal diet and prey preference of the African lion in a waterhole-driven semi-arid savanna. PLoS One, 8, e55182. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Do Linh San E, Stuart C, Stuart M. 2016. A conservation assessment of Ichneumia albicauda, in The Red List of Mammals of South Africa, Swaziland and Lesotho. Child MF, Roxburgh L, Do Linh San E, Raimondo D, Davies-Mostert HT, Editors. South Africa: South African National Biodiversity Institute and Endangered Wildlife Trust. p. 4. [Google Scholar]
  12. Engering A, Hogerwerf L, Slingenbergh J. 2013. Pathogen-host-environment interplay and disease emergence. Emerging Microbes and Infections, 2, e5. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  13. FAO. 2013. Summary risk profile on Trichinella in meat. http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/user_upload/agns/pdf/Foodborne_parasites/RiskProfTrichinellaOct2013.pdf. [Google Scholar]
  14. Ferrero DM, Lemon JK, Fluegge D, Pashkovski SL, Korzan WJ, Datta SR, Spehr M, Fendt M, Liberies SD. 2011. Detection and avoidance of a carnivore odor by prey. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108, 11235–11240. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  15. Foggin CM, Vassilev GD, Widdowson MA. 1997. Infection with Trichinella in farmed crocodiles (C. niloticus) in Zimbabwe, in Abstract Book on the 16th International Conference of the World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology, Sun City, South Africa, 10–15 August (Abstract no. 110). [Google Scholar]
  16. Furstenburg D. 2008. Crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus). Game & Hunt, 14, 6–12. [Google Scholar]
  17. Garkavi BL. 1972. Species of Trichinella isolated from wild animals. Veterinariya, 10, 90–91. [Google Scholar]
  18. Grétillat S, Chevalier JL. 1970. Note préliminaire sur l’épidémiologie de la trichinose des animaux sauvages en Afrique de l’Ouest. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 43, 749–757. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Gottstein B, Pozio E, Nöckler K. 2009. Epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and control of trichinellosis. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 22, 127–145. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Hayward MW. 2006. Prey preferences of the spotted hyaena (Crocuta crocuta) and degree of dietary overlap with the lion (Panthera leo). Journal of Zoology, 270, 606–614. [Google Scholar]
  21. Hayward M, Kerley IH. 2005. Prey preferences of the lion (Panthera leo). Journal of Zoology, 267, 309–322. [Google Scholar]
  22. Hayward MW, Henschel P, O’Brien J, Hofmeyr M, Balme G, Kerley GIH. 2006. Prey preferences of the leopard (Panthera pardus). Journal of Zoology, 270, 298–313. [Google Scholar]
  23. Hayward MW, Porter L, Lanszki J, Kamler JF, Beck JM, Kerley IH, Macdonald DW, Montgomery RA, Parker DM, Scott DM, O’Brien J, Yarnell RW. 2017. Factors affecting the prey preferences of jackals (Canidae). Mammalian Biology, 85, 70–82. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  24. Herbst M, Mills MGL. 2010. The feeding habits of the African wild cat (Felis silvestris), a facultative trophic specialist, in the southern Kalahari (Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, South Africa/Botswana). Journal of Zoology, 280, 403–413. [Google Scholar]
  25. Hurníková Z, Dubinsky S, Mukaratirwa S, Foggin CM, Kapel CMO. 2004. Infectivity and temperature tolerance on non-encapsulating Trichinella zimbabwensis in experimentally infected Red foxes (Vulpes vulpes). Helminthologia, 41, 189–192. [Google Scholar]
  26. Isaäcson M. 1975. The ecology of Praomys (Mastomys) natalensis in southern Africa. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 52, 629–636. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Jooste E, Pitman RT, van Hoven W, Swanepoel LH. 2012. Unusually high predation on chacma baboons (Papio ursinus) by female leopards (Panthera pardus) in the Waterberg Mountains, South Africa. Folia Primatologica, 83, 353–360. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  28. Kapel CMO. 2000. Host diversity and biological characteristics of the Trichinella genotypes and their effect on transmission. Veterinary Parasitology, 93, 263–278. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Kapel CMO, Gamble HR. 2000. Infectivity, persistence, and antibody response to domestic and sylvatic Trichinella spp. in experimentally infected pigs. International Journal for Parasitology, 30, 215–221. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Kapel C, Henrikson SA, Dietz HH, Henrikson P, Nansen P. 1994. A study on the predilection sites of Trichinella spiralis larvae in experimentally infected foxes (Alopex lagopus, Vulpes vulpes). Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, 35, 125–132. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Kapel C, Henrikson SA, Berg TB, Nansen P. 1995. Trichinella infections in Arctic foxes from Greenland: Studies and reflections on predilection sites of muscle larvae. Journal of Helminthology, 69, 325–330. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Kapel C, Webster P, Gamble H. 2005. Muscle distribution of sylvatic and domestic Trichinella larvae in production animals and wildlife. Veterinary Parasitology, 132, 101–105. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Kocieska W, van Knapen F, Ruitenberg EJ. 1980. Trichinella pseudospiralis and T. spiralis infections in monkeys, I: Parasitological aspects, in Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Trichinellosis, September 1–5, 1980, Noordwijk aan Zee, The Netherlands. Kim CW, Ruitenberg EJ, Teppema JS, Editors. p. 199–202. [Google Scholar]
  34. Krivokapich SJ, Pozio E, Gatti GM, Gonzales Prous CL, Ribicich M, Marucci G, La Rosa G, Cofalonieri V. 2012. Trichinella patagoniensis n. sp. (Nematoda), a new encapsulated species infecting carnivorous mammals in South America. International Journal for Parasitology, 42, 903–910. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. La Grange LJ, Marucci G, Pozio E. 2009. Trichinella zimbabwensis in wild Nile crocodiles (Crocodylus niloticus) of South Africa. Veterinary Parasitology, 161, 88–91. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. La Grange LJ, Marucci G, Pozio E. 2010. Trichinella zimbabwensis in a naturally infected mammal. Journal of Helminthology, 35–38. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. La Grange LJ, Govender D, Mukaratirwa S. 2013. The occurrence of Trichinella zimbabwensis in naturally infected wild crocodiles (Crocodylus niloticus) from the Kruger National Park, South Africa. Journal of Helminthology, 87, 91–96. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. La Grange LJ, Reininghaus B, Mukaratirwa S. 2014. First report of a mixed infection of Trichinella nelsoni and Trichinella T8 in a leopard (Panthera pardus) from the Greater Kruger National Park, South Africa. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 81, 8–10. [Google Scholar]
  39. Lariviere S, Calzada J. 2001. Genetta genetta. Mammalian Species, 680, 1–6. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  40. La Rosa G, Pozio E. 2000. Molecular investigation of African isolates of Trichinella reveals genetic polymorphism in Trichinella nelsoni. International Journal for Parasitology, 30, 663–667. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. Lehmann KDS, Montgomery TM, McLachlan SM, Parker JM, Spagnuolo OS, VandeWetering KJ, Bills PS, Holekamp KE. 2017. Lions, Hyenas and mobs (oh my!). Current Zoology, 63, 313–322. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  42. Le Roux PG, Skinner JD. 1989. A note on the ecology of the leopard (Panthera pardus Linnaeus) in the Londolozi Game Reserve, South Africa. African Journal of Ecology, 27, 167–171. [Google Scholar]
  43. Marucci G, La Grange LJ, La Rosa G, Pozio E. 2009. Trichinella nelsoni and Trichinella T8 mixed infection in a lion (Panthera leo) of the Kruger National Park (South Africa). Veterinary Parasitology, 159, 225–228. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  44. Matenga E, Mukaratirwa S, Bhebhe E, Willingham AL. 2006a. Comparison of the infectivity of Trichinella zimbabwensis in indigenous Zimbabwean pigs (Mukota) and exotic Large White pigs. International Journal of Applied Research in Veterinary Medicine, 4, 301–306. [Google Scholar]
  45. Matenga E, Mukaratirwa S, Bhebhe E, Willingham AL. 2006b. Evidence of congenital and transmammary transmission of Trichinella zimbabwensis in rats (Rattus norvegicus) and its epidemiological implications. International Journal of applied Research in Veterinary Medicine, 4, 307–312. [Google Scholar]
  46. Mbaya W, Ahmed MI, Ibrahim UI, Larmude KJ. 2010. Trichinosis in African giant rats (Cricetomys gambianus) in the arid region of north eastern Nigeria. Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences, 1, 460–464. [Google Scholar]
  47. Mills MGL, Broomhall LS, du Toit JT. 2004. Cheetah Acinonyx jubatus feeding ecology in the Kruger National Park and a comparison across African savannah habitats: Is the cheetah only a successful hunter on open grassland plains? Wildlife Biology, 10, 177–186. [Google Scholar]
  48. Moleón M, Martinez-Carrasco C, Muellerklein OC, Getz WM, Muṅoz-Lozano C, Sánchez-Zapata JA. 2017. Carnivore carcasses are avoided by carnivores. Journal of Animal Ecology, 86, 1179–1191. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  49. Monadjem A, Taylor PJ, Denys C, Cotterill FPD. 2015. Rodents of sub-Saharan Africa: A biogeographic and taxonomic synthesis. De Gruyter: Berlin, Boston. p. 1092. ISBN 978-3-11-030191-5. [Google Scholar]
  50. Moretti A, Piergili-Fioretti D, Pasquali P, Mechelli L, Rossodivita ME, Polidori GA. 1997. Experimental infection of fish with Trichinella britovi: Biological evaluations, in Trichinellosis. Ortega-Pierres G, Gamble HR, van Knapen F, Wakelin D, Editors. Centro de Investigacion y Estudios Avanzados IPN: Mexico City. p. 135–142. [Google Scholar]
  51. Mukaratirwa S, Dzoma B. 2008. Experimental infections of baboons (Papio spp.) and vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) with Trichinella zimbabwensis and successful treatment with ivermectin. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 188, 181–188. [Google Scholar]
  52. Mukaratirwa S, Foggin CM. 1999. Infectivity of Trichinella sp. isolated from Crocodylus niloticus to the indigenous Zimbabwean pig (Mukota). International Journal for Parasitology, 29, 1129–1131. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  53. Mukaratirwa S, La Grange L, Pfukenyi DM. 2013. Trichinella infections in animals and humans in sub-Saharan Africa: A review. Acta Tropica, 125, 82–89. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  54. Mukaratirwa S, La Grange LJ, Malatji MP, Reininghaus B, Lamb J. 2019. Prevalence and molecular identification of Trichinella species isolated from wildlife originating from Limpopo and Mpumalanga Provinces of South Africa. Journal of Helminthology, 93, 50–56. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  55. Nagano I, Wu Z, Matsuo A, Pozio E, Takahashi Y. 1999. Identification of Trichinella genotypes by polymerase chain reaction – restriction fragment length polymorphism of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene. International Journal for Parasitology, 29, 1113–1120. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  56. Nelson GS, Guggisberg CWA, Mukundi J. 1963. Animal hosts of Trichinella spiralis in East Africa. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 57, 332–346. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  57. Nishank SS, Swain S. 2019. Cannibalism in animals. Science Horizon, 4, 33–39. [Google Scholar]
  58. OIE – World Organisation for Animal Health. 2019. https://www.oie.int/index.php?id=169&L=0&htmfile=chapitre_diagnostic_tests.htm. [Google Scholar]
  59. Owen R. 1835. Description of a microscopic entozoon infesting the muscles of the human body. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, 1, 315–324. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  60. Palomares F, Caro TM. 1999. Interspecific killing among mammalian carnivores. American Naturalist, 153, 492–508. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  61. Périquet S, Fritz H, Revilla E. 2015. The lion king and the hyaena queen: large carnivore interactions and coexistence. Biological Reviews, 90, 1197–1214. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  62. de Pienaar U de V. 1964. The small mammals of the Kruger National Park – A systematic list and zoogeography. Koedoe, 7, 1–25. [Google Scholar]
  63. Polis GA, Myers CA, Holt RD. 1989. The ecology and evolution of intraguild predation: Potential competitors that eat each other. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, 20, 297–330. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  64. Pozio E. 2000. Factors affecting the flow among domestic, synanthropic and sylvatic cycles of Trichinella. Veterinary Parasitology, 93, 241–262. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  65. Pozio E. 2005. The broad spectrum of Trichinella hosts: from cold- to warm-blooded animals. Veterinary Parasitology, 132, 3–11. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  66. Pozio E. 2007. World distribution of Trichinella spp. infections in animals and humans. Veterinary Parasitology, 149, 3–21. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  67. Pozio E, De Meneghi D, Roelke-Parker ME, La Rosa G. 1997. Trichinella nelsoni in carnivores from the Serengeti ecosystem, Tanzania. Journal of Parasitology, 83, 1195–1198. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  68. Pozio E, Foggin CM, Gelanew T, Marucci G, Hailu A, Rossi P, Gómez-Morales M. 2007. Trichinella zimbabwensis in wild reptiles of Zimbabwe and Mozambique and farmed reptiles of Ethiopia. Veterinary Parasitology, 143, 305–310. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  69. Pozio E, Foggin CM, Marucci G, La Rosa G, Sacchi L, Corona S, Rossi P, Mukaratirwa S. 2002. Trichinella zimbabwensis n. sp. (Nematoda), a new non-encapsulated species from crocodiles (Crocodylus niloticus) in Zimbabwe also infecting mammals. International Journal for Parasitology, 32, 1787–1799. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  70. Pozio E, Hoberg E, La Rosa G, Zarlenga DS. 2009. Molecular taxonomy, phylogeny and biogeography of nematodes belonging to the Trichinella genus. Infection, Genetics and Evolution, 9, 606–616. [Google Scholar]
  71. Pozio E, La Rosa G. 2000. Trichinella murrelli n. sp.: Etiological agent of sylvatic trichinellosis in temperate areas of North America. Journal of Parasitology, 86, 134–139. [Google Scholar]
  72. Pozio E, La Rosa G. 2005. Evaluation of the infectivity of Trichinella papuae and Trichinella zimbabwensis for equatorial freshwater fishes. Veterinary Parasitology, 132, 113–114. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  73. Pozio E, La Rosa G, Murrell KD, Lichtenfels JR. 1992. Taxonomic revision of the genus Trichinella. Journal of Parasitology, 78, 654–659. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  74. Pozio E, Marucci G, Casulli A, Sacchi L, Mukaratirwa S, Foggin CM, La Rosa G. 2004. Trichinella papuae and Trichinella zimbabwensis induce infection in experimentally infected varans, caimans, puthons and turtles. Parasitology, 128, 333–342. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  75. Pozio E, Murrell KD. 2006. Systematics and epidemiology of Trichinella. Advances in Parasitology, 63, 371–445. [Google Scholar]
  76. Pozio E, La Rosa G, Rossi P, Murrell KD. 1992. Biological characterizations of Trichinella isolates from various host species and geographic regions. Journal of Parasitology, 78, 647–653. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  77. Pozio E, Owen IL, La Rosa G, Sacchi L, Rossi P, Corona S. 1999. Trichinella papuae n. sp. (Nematoda), a new non-encapsulated species from domestic and sylvatic swine of Papua New Guinea. International Journal for Parasitology, 29, 1825–1839. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  78. Pozio E, Pagani P, Marucci G, Zarlenga DS, Hoberg EP, De Menighi D, La Rosa G, Rossi L. 2005. Trichinella britovi etiological agent of sylvatic trichinellosis in the Republic of Guinea (West Africa) and a re-evaluation of geographical distribution for encapsulated species in Africa. International Journal for Parasitology, 35, 955–960. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  79. Pozio E, Verster A, Braack L, De Meneghi D, La Rosa G. 1994. Trichinellosis south of the Sahara, in Trichinellosis. Campbell CW, Pozio E, Bruschi F, Editors. Istituto Superiore di Sanità Press: Rome, Italy. p. 527–532. [Google Scholar]
  80. Pozio E, Zarlenga DS. 2005. Recent advances on the taxonomy, systematic and epidemiology of Trichinella. International Journal for Parasitology, 35, 1191–1204. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  81. Pozio E, Zarlenga DS. 2013. New pieces of the Trichinella puzzle. International Journal for Parasitology, 43, 983–997. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  82. Ramesh T, Downs CT. 2015. Diet of serval (Leptailurus serval) on farmlands in the Drakensberg Midlands, South Africa. Mammalia, 79, 399–407. [Google Scholar]
  83. Reina D, Munoz-Ojeda M, Serrano F. 1996. Experimental trichinellosis in goats. Veterinary Parasitology, 62, 125–132. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  84. Retief F. 2016. The ecology of spotted hyena, Crocuta crocuta, in Majete Wildlife Reserve, Malawi. Thesis (MSc), Stellenbosch University, p. 137. [Google Scholar]
  85. Rosenthal J. 2009. Climate change and the geographic distribution of infectious diseases. EcoHealth, 6, 489–495. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  86. Sachs R. 1970. Zur Epidemiologie der Trichinellose in Afrika. Zeitschrift fur Tropenmedizin und Parasitologie, 20, 117–126. [Google Scholar]
  87. SANPARKS. 2008. Kruger National Park Management Plan. SANPARKS: Pretoria, South Africa. p. 151. [Google Scholar]
  88. Scholtz M, Kruger M, Saayman M. 2013. Understanding the reasons why tourists visit the Kruger National Park during a recession. Acta Commercii 13, 9 pages. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  89. Sharma R. 2019. Trichinella species and Toxoplasma gondii in wolverine (Gulo gulo) from north western, Thesis (PhD). University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada. [Google Scholar]
  90. Sharma R, Konecsni K, Scandrett B, Thompson P, Hoberg EP, Bouchard E, Buhler K, Harms NJ, Kukka PM, Jung TS, Elkin B, Mulders R, Larter NC, Branigan M, Pongracz J, Wagner B, Fenton H, Rosenthal BM, Jenkins E. 2019. Distribution and genetic diversity of Trichinella in Canadian wildlife: A previously undescribed species (T13) and an unexpected discovery of T. spiralis. Scientia Parasitologica, 20, 145–148. [Google Scholar]
  91. Skinner JD, Breytenbach GJ, Maberly CTA. 1976. Observations on the ecology and biology of the bush pig (Potamochoerus porcus) Linn in the northern Transvaal. South African Journal of Wildlife Research, 6, 123–128. [Google Scholar]
  92. Somaweera R, Brien M, Shine R. 2013. The role of predation in shaping crocodilian natural history. Herpetological Monographs, 27, 23–51. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  93. Soule C, Dupouy-Camet J, Georges P, Ancelle T, Gillet JP, Vaissaire J, Delvigne A, Plateau E. 1989. Experimental trichinellosis in horses: Biological and parasitological evaluation. Veterinary Parasitology, 31, 19–36. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  94. Stander PE. 1997. The ecology of lions and conflict with people in north-eastern Namibia, in Proceedings of a Symposium on Lions and Leopards as Game Ranch Animals, van Heerden J, Editor. Onderstepoort, p. 10–17. [Google Scholar]
  95. Szczepaniuk K. 2011. “Varanus niloticus” (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed October 18, 2019 at https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Varanus_niloticus/b. [Google Scholar]
  96. Thomson P. 2002. Otocyon megalotis (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed December 30, 2019 at https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Otocyon_megalotis/. [Google Scholar]
  97. Tomašovičová O. 1981. The role of fresh water fish in transfer and maintenance of Trichinellae under natural conditions. Biolǒgia, 36, 115–125. [Google Scholar]
  98. Wagner AP. 2006. Behavioral ecology of the striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena). PhD thesis, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana. p. 182. [Google Scholar]
  99. World Heritage Encyclopedia. 2017. Nile crocodile World Public Library, Article id WHEBN 001284973, Retrieved 4 December 2017. [Google Scholar]
  100. Young E, Kruger SP. 1967. Trichinella spiralis (Owen, 1935) Railliet 1895. Infestation of wild carnivores and rodents in South Africa. Journal of the South African Veterinary Association, 38, 441–443. [Google Scholar]
  101. Young E, Whyte IJ. 1975. Trichinosis (Trichinella spiralis infestations) in wild animals of the Kruger National Park. Journal of the South African Veterinary Association, 46, 233–234. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.

Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.

Initial download of the metrics may take a while.