Volcano plots of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in O. viverrini from diabetic (DM) and non-diabetic (NC) hamsters collected at days 21 and 35 post-infection (D21 and D35, respectively). The left panel shows the comparison between D21-DM and D21-NC, while the right panel shows the comparison between D35-DM and D35-NC. The red dots indicate upregulated genes, green dots indicate downregulated genes, and brown dots indicate genes with stable expression.