SmPGM gene suppression using RNA interference. (A) Relative SmPGM gene expression in schistosomula 72 h after electroporation with siRNA targeting SmPGM (purple bar, PGM), control siRNA (black bar, Control) or no siRNA (white bar, None) as assessed by RT-qPCR. Significant differences are denoted by *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 (one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-test). (B) Western blot analysis of SmPGM protein (purple arrow) in schistosomula lysates 7 days after electroporation with siRNA targeting SmPGM (left), control siRNA (middle), or no siRNA (right) as indicated. Blots were probed with anti-GAPDH monoclonal antibody (lower panel, Control) to show that all lanes received roughly equivalent amounts of protein. (C) Mean SmPGM activity in live schistosomula tested 7 days after electroporation with siRNA targeting SmPGM (purple line), control siRNA (black line, filled circles), or no siRNA (black line, empty circles). Significant differences for all time points after 70 min are denoted by **p < 0.01 (two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post-test).