Characterization of native SmPGM. PGM catalyzes the eighth step of glycolysis illustrated in (A) 3-phosphoglycerate (3PG) is converted to 2-phosphoglycerate (2PG). 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (2,3BPG, depicted above the arrow) is required as a cofactor in some PGMs (i.e., cofactor-dependent PGMs, or dPGMs). (B) PGM activity over time displayed by live schistosomula when incubated with 3PG and 2,3BPG (purple line) or 3PG only (red line). Activity measured in parasites incubated in assay buffer alone served as a control (black line). (C) PGM activity of live schistosomula (purple bar) following overnight incubation in medium compared with PGM activity in conditioned medium (black bar) and unconditioned medium (white bar). (D) PGM activity of live schistosomula (black bar) compared to PGM activity by an equivalent schistosomula lysate (white bar) set at 100%. Significant differences are denoted by ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05.