Molecular data reshape our understanding of the life cycles of three digeneans (Monorchiidae and Gymnophallidae) infecting the bivalve, Donax variabilis: it’s just a facultative host!

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Table 1

Primer and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) sequences used in this study.

Target	Marker	Primer name	Primer sequence (5′–3′)	Reference
Parasite	ITS2	3S	GGTACCGGTGGATCACGTGGCTAGTG	[12]
		ITS2-2	CCTGGTTAGTTTCTTTTCCTCCGC	[20]
		GA1	AGAACATCGACATCTTGAAC	[5]
		ITS2-2	CCTGGTTAGTTTCTTTTCCTCCGC	[20]
	28S	28S_300F	CAAGTACCGTGAGGGAAAGTTG	[59]
		28S_ECD2	CTTGGTCCGTGTTTCAAGACGGG	[59]
		LSU5	TAGGTCGACCCGCTGAAYTTAAGCA	[32]
		1200R	GCATAGTTCACCATCTTTCGG	[32]
	COI	Dice1F	TTWCNTTRGATCATAAG	[46]
	COI	Dice11R	GCWGWACHAAATTTHCGATC	[61]
Host	COI	LCO1490Mba	GTAGAACTAAYCATAARGATATTGG	[43]
	COI	HCO2198Mba	TAAACTTCTGGGTGRCCAAAAAAYCA	[43]
	RAPD	E18	GGACTGCAGA	[1]

ITS2 = second internal transcribed spacer region of the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene, 28S = large subunit rRNA gene, COI = cytochrome c oxidase I mitochondrial DNA.

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