Table 2
Pooled prevalence of Eimeria in cattle in mainland China.
| No. studies | No. tested | No. positive | % (95% CI*) | Heterogeneity |
Univariate meta-regression |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| χ2 | p-value | I2 (%) | p-value | Coefficient (95% CI)* | ||||||
| Region* | 0.118 | −0.135 (−0.307 to 0.036) | ||||||||
| Central China | 8 | 3495 | 1164 | 41.1% (30.7–51.4) | 293.04 | 0.000 | 97.6% | |||
| Eastern China | 7 | 3585 | 1516 | 45.2% (20.0–70.5) | 2247.00 | 0.000 | 99.7% | |||
| Northern China | 6 | 7096 | 2520 | 28.6% (9.6–47.6) | 1986.08 | 0.000 | 99.7% | |||
| Northwestern China | 16 | 5497 | 2112 | 44.2% (37.9–50.5) | 336.36 | 0.000 | 95.5% | |||
| Southern China | 4 | 4620 | 1214 | 45.5% (28.2–62.9) | 385.91 | 0.000 | 99.2% | |||
| Southwestern China | 8 | 2136 | 1022 | 32.7% (17.2–48.2) | 308.60 | 0.000 | 97.7% | |||
| Detection methds | 0.102 | 0.106 (−0.022 to 0.233) | ||||||||
| Saturated saline water precipitation | 4 | 1879 | 662 | 34.7% (22.8–46.6) | 92.93 | 0.000 | 96.8% | |||
| Saturated saline water floating | 19 | 11,955 | 5006 | 47.7% (35.6–59.8) | 4874.66 | 0.000 | 99.6% | |||
| Saturated sucrose floating | 5 | 3680 | 1403 | 40.3% (28.5–52.1) | 228.82 | 0.000 | 98.3% | |||
| Comprehensive approach | 13 | 7492 | 1948 | 37.5% (29.4–45.6) | 721.09 | 0.000 | 98.3% | |||
| Others | 5 | 1337 | 520 | 33.7% (24.1–43.2) | 48.38 | 0.000 | 91.7% | |||
| Sampling years | 0.015 | 0.233 (0.049 to 0.417) | ||||||||
| Before 2000 | 5 | 1875 | 1130 | 57.9% (39.4–76.4) | 239.45 | 0.000 | 98.3% | |||
| 2000–2015 | 21 | 15,956 | 5707 | 37.2% (28.6–45.9) | 3431.15 | 0.000 | 99.4% | |||
| After 2015 | 6 | 4509 | 1152 | 25.0% (15.1–34.8) | 288.45 | 0.000 | 98.3% | |||
| Cattle ages* | 0.003 | −0.153 (−0.253 to −0.053) | ||||||||
| Calves before weaning | 6 | 1024 | 284 | 28.9% (22.4–35.4) | 24.77 | 0.000 | 79.8% | |||
| Calves after weaning | 11 | 3235 | 1383 | 39.9% (34.0–45.7) | 233.51 | 0.000 | 90.2% | |||
| Growing cattle | 14 | 2490 | 1008 | 38.9% (23.6–54.1) | 1286.59 | 0.000 | 98.9% | |||
| Finishing cattle | 19 | 4735 | 1475 | 22.7% (14.1–31.2) | 1360.35 | 0.000 | 98.5% | |||
| Species of cattle | ||||||||||
| Buffalo | 6 | 1907 | 913 | 57.4% (37.7–77.0) | 351.65 | 0.000 | 98.6% | 0.052 | 0.168 (−0.001 to 0.337) | |
| Dairy cow | 25 | 17,011 | 6154 | 38.5% (30.9–46.1) | 3060.64 | 0.000 | 99.2% | |||
| Others | 3 | 919 | 371 | 43.6% (26.0–61.1) | 55.56 | 0.000 | 96.4% | |||
| Scalper | 2 | 995 | 617 | 42.5% (−0.9 to 85.8) | 56.82 | 0.000 | 98.2% | |||
| Yak | 7 | 2543 | 1081 | 45.3% (34.8–55.8) | 178.88 | 0.000 | 96.6% | |||
| Feeding model | 0.115 | 0. 193 (−0.054 to 0.441) | ||||||||
| Extensive | 5 | 776 | 388 | 53.9% (40.9–67.0) | 46.48 | 0.000 | 91.4% | |||
| Intensive | 10 | 5691 | 1540 | 35.2% (22.4–48.0) | 1796.63 | 0.000 | 99.5% | |||
| Season* | 0.501 | 0.108 (−0.240 to 0.456) | ||||||||
| Autumn and winter | 4 | 570 | 267 | 44.3% (13.4–75.3) | 237.14 | 0.000 | 98.7% | |||
| Spring and summer | 7 | 3081 | 841 | 32.9% (22.9–42.9) | 234.26 | 0.000 | 97.4% | |||
| Quality level* | 0.228 | 0.087 (−0.056 to 0.229) | ||||||||
| Middle | 10 | 2692 | 911 | 47.0% (30.8–63.1) | 2828.64 | 0.000 | 99.1% | |||
| High | 34 | 23,137 | 8431 | 38.2% (31.2–45.1) | 2771.60 | 0.000 | 909.3% | |||
| Low | 2 | 600 | 206 | 40.0% (21.7–58.4) | 12.07 | 0.000 | 91.7% | |||
| Total | 46 | 26,264 | 9502 | 40.0% (34.0–46.0) | 6087.31 | 0.000 | 99.3% | |||
CI*: Confidence interval.
Region*: Central China: Henan; Eastern China: Zhejiang, Shandong, Shanghai, Anhu, Hunan Northern China: Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Beijing, Hebei; Northeastern China: Qinghai, Shaanxi, Xinjiang, Gansu; Southern China: Guangdong, Guangxi; Southwestern China: Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan.
Season*: Spring and summer: March through August. Autumn and winter: September through February.
Cattle ages*: Calves before weaning (0 months old to 2 months old), Calves after weaning (2 months old to 12 months old), Growing cattle (12 months old to 24 months old), Finishing cattle (>24 months old).
Quality level *: Low: 0 or 1 points; Middle: 2 or 3 points; High: 4 or 5 points.
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