Table 2
Predictors of persistent early-appearing anaemia in acutely malarious <5-year-old children following initiation of artemisinin-based combination treatments.
| Variable | Total no. | No. with PEAA | OR (95% CI) | p value | AOR (95% CI) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | ||||||
| Female | 253 | 30 | 1 | |||
| Male | 287 | 32 | 0.9 (0.5–1.6) | 0.9 | – | – |
| Age (month) | ||||||
| >36 | 306 | 23 | 1 | 1 | ||
| ≤36 | 234 | 39 | 2.5 (1.4–4.3) | 0.002 | 1.8 (0.5–4.3) | 0.18 |
| Duration of illness (day) | ||||||
| >3 | 185 | 17 | 1 | 1 | ||
| ≤3 | 180 | 30 | 2.0 (1.0–3.7) | 0.048 | 2.9 (1.1–7.4) | 0.03 |
| History of fever at presentation | ||||||
| Absent | 90 | 9 | 1 | |||
| Present | 450 | 53 | 1.2 (0.6–2.5) | 0.73 | – | – |
| Temperature at presentation (°C) | ||||||
| ≤37.4 | 192 | 22 | 1 | |||
| >37.4 | 348 | 40 | 1.0 (0.6–1.7) | 1.0 | – | – |
| History of fever on day 1 | ||||||
| Absent | 446 | 55 | 1 | |||
| Present | 94 | 7 | 0.6 (0.3–1.3) | 0.24 | – | – |
| Temperature on day 1 (°C) | ||||||
| ≤37.4 | 480 | 55 | 1 | |||
| >37.4 | 60 | 7 | 1.0 (0.4–2.4) | 1.0 | – | – |
| Enrolment haematocrit (%) | ||||||
| ≥35 | 181 | 9 | 1 | 1 | ||
| <35 | 359 | 53 | 3.3 (1.6–6.9) | 0.001 | 4.6 (1.6–13.1) | 0.005 |
| Haematocrit on day 1 (%) | ||||||
| ≥25 | 492 | 42 | 1 | 1 | ||
| <25 | 48 | 20 | 7.7 (4–14.7) | <0.0001 | 3.5 (1.1–11.4) | 0.03 |
| DAFH (%) | ||||||
| <6 | 333 | 17 | 1 | 1 | ||
| ≥6 | 207 | 45 | 5.2 (2.9–9.3) | <0.0001 | 5.7 (2.1–15.5) | 0.001 |
| Enrolment parasitaemia (/μL) | ||||||
| ≤75,000 | 454 | 45 | 1 | 1 | ||
| >75,000 | 86 | 17 | 2.2 (1.2–4.1) | 0.02 | 1.3 (0.4–4.1) | 0.65 |
| Asexual parasitaemia on day 1 | ||||||
| Absent | 209 | 24 | 1 | |||
| Present | 331 | 38 | 1.0 (0.6–1.7) | 1.0 | – | – |
| Asexual parasitaemia on day 2 | ||||||
| Absent | 422 | 51 | 1 | |||
| Present | 118 | 11 | 0.7 (0.4–1.5) | 0.5 | – | – |
| Parasite clearance time (day) | ||||||
| ≤2 | 418 | 51 | 1 | |||
| >2 | 122 | 11 | 0.7 (0.4–1.4) | 0.42 | – | – |
| Parasite reduction ratio on day 1 | ||||||
| ≤25,000 | 453 | 44 | 1 | |||
| >25,000 | 87 | 18 | 1.4 (0.8–2.6) | 0.31 | – | – |
| Parasite reduction ratio on day 2 | ||||||
| ≤25,000 | 339 | 31 | 1 | 1 | ||
| >25,000 | 201 | 31 | 1.8 (1.1–3.1) | 0.04 | 1.2 (0.5–3.1) | 0.7 |
| Drug treatment | ||||||
| AA | 168 | 10 | 1 | 1 | ||
| AL | 176 | 18 | 1.8 (0.8–4.0) | 0.22 | – | – |
| DHP | 196 | 34 | 3.3 (1.6–6.9) | 0.002 | 4.3 (1.6–11.5) | 0.004 |
DAFH, drug attributable fall in haematocrit; DHP, dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine; AL, artemether-lumefantrine; AA, artesunate-amodiaquine; OR, odds ratio; AOR, adjusted odds ratio; PEAA, persistent early appearing anaemia.
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