Open Access
Table 1
Human cases of Dioctophyma renale worldwide published in PubMed and Chinese databases.
| Country (case no.) | Age | Gender | No. of worms | Clinical characteristics |
Location | Stage used for diagnosis (sample) | Suspected source of infection | References | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Loin pain/Hematuria | Others | ||||||||
| China | |||||||||
| Beijing (1) | 59 | Female | 1 | +/+ | Right kidney | Adult (urine) | Feng [7] | ||
| Fujian (1) | 30 | Female | 2 | –/+ | Urgent urination, abdominal pain, odynuria | Kidney | Adult (urine) | Gong [9] | |
| Guangdong (1) | 31 | Female | 2 | +/+ | Right kidney | Adult and egg (urine) | Raw fish | Zhang and Zhu [35] | |
| Guangxi (1) | 20 | Female | 1 | +/– | Kidney | Adult (urine) | Raw fish and frog | Lei et al. [18] | |
| Heilongjiang (2) | 47 | Male | 5 | +/+ Pr | Frequent urination, anemia | Right kidney | Adult (urine) | Liu [20] | |
| 49 | Female | 15 | +/+ Py | Frequent and urgent urination | Right kidney | Adult (urine) | Unboiled water | This study | |
| Hebei (1) | 45 | Male | 1 | +/+ | Fever | Right kidney | Adult (urine and pelvis) | Gu et al. [10] | |
| Henan (3) | 39 | Male | 7 | +/+ | Frequent urination, anemia | Right kidney | Adult (urine) | Raw fish, unboiled water | Wang [31] |
| 32 | Female | 1 | –/– | Kidney | Adult (urine) | Sun et al. [26] | |||
| 46 | Female | >10 | +/+ | Abdominal pain | Kidney | Adult (urine) | Peng et al. [22] | ||
| Hubei (2) | 36 | Male | 1 | +/+ | Kidney | Adult (urine) | Zhang and Zhu [35] | ||
| 30 | Male | 1 | +/– | Frequent and urgent urination | Right kidney | Adult (urine) | Raw fish | ||
| Jiangsu (2) | 31 | Female | 1 | +/– | Fever, frequent and urgent urination, odynuria | Left kidney | Adult (urine) | Zhang and Zhu [35] | |
| 92 | Male | Unspecific | +/+ | Left kidney | Larva and egg (urine) | Raw fish | Yang et al. [34] | ||
| Jilin (1) | 55 | Male | 1 | –/– Py | Urgent urination, odynuria | Kidney | Adult (urine) | Jin et al. [15] | |
| Liaoning (1) | 67 | Female | 3 | –/+ Pr | Kidney | Adult (urine) | Raw fish | Cui et al. [6] | |
| Ningxia (2) | 47 | Male | 1 | –/– | Kidney | Adult (urine) | Raw fish and frog, unboiled water | Qiu et al. [23] | |
| 20 | Female | 1 | +/– | Fever, urgent urination | Right kidney | Adult (urine) | Unboiled water | ||
| Shandong (1) | 51 | Female | 39c | +/+ Py | Bilateral kidney | Adult and egg (urine) | Raw fish | Li et al. [19] | |
| Sichuang (3) | 9 | Male | 1 | +/+ | Anemia | Right kidney | Adult (urine) | Raw fish | Hu [13] |
| 53 | Female | 15 | –/+ Pr | Abdominal pain | Kidney | Adult (urine) | Raw fish | Yang and Lu [33] | |
| 6 | Male | 1 | +/– | Fever, frequent and urgent urination | Kidney | Adult (urine) | Chen and Liu. [5] | ||
| Other countries | |||||||||
| Australia (1) | 47 | Male | – | +/+ | Renal colic | Left kidney | Egg (tissue) | Fernando [8] | |
| Greece (1) | 39 | Male | – | +/– | Right kidney | Adult (tissue) | Katafigiotis et al. [16] | ||
| India (2) | 35 | Male | Unspecific | –/+ Pr | Fever, retention of urine | Bilateral kidney | Adult (urine) | Raw fish | Chauhan et al. [4] |
| 70 | Male | 2 | –/+ | Fever | Right kidney | Adult and egg (urine) | Raw fish | Venkatrajaiah et al. [30] | |
| Indonesia (1) | 67 | Male | 2 + 23b | +/+ | Abdominal pain, anemia | Left kidney | Adult (urine) | Raw fish, unboiled water | Sardjono et al. [24] |
| Iran (2) | 75 | Male | +/+ | Right kidney | Adult (pelvis), egg (urine) | Unboiled water | Norouzi et al. [21] | ||
| 28 | Female | – | –/+ | Fever, abdominal pain | Kidney | Egg (urine) | Hanjani et al. [12] | ||
| Japan (2) | 26 | Femalea | – | –/– | Papule with itching | Thigh | Larva (tissue) | Urano et al. [28] | |
| 44 | Malea | – | –/– | Papule | Abdominal wall | Larva (tissue) | Tokiwa et al. [27] | ||
| Thailand (1) | 12 | Male | – | –/– | Subcutaneous nodule | Chest wall | Larva (tissue) | Beaver and Khamboonruang [2] | |
| USA (4) | 71 | Male | >1 | –/+ | Anemia, weight loss | Left kidney | Adult (urine) | Raw fish | Kuehn et al. [17] |
| 26 | Male | – | –/– | Subcutaneous nodule | Chest wall | Larva (tissue) | Beaver and Theis [1] | ||
| 23 | Female | – | –/– | Subcutaneous nodule | Abdominal wall | Larva (tissue) | Raw fish | Gutierrez et al. [11] | |
| 50 | Malea | – | +/– | Fever | Retroperitoneal cavity | Egg and adult (tissue) | Raw fish | Sun et al. [25] | |
| Yugoslavia (1) | 44 | Male | – | +/+ Py | Bilateral kidney | Adult (tissue), egg (urine) | Raw fish | Ignjatovic et al. [14] | |
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