Effectiveness of the new integrated strategy to control the transmission of Schistosoma japonicum in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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Table 1.

Characteristics of the studies included in the meta-analysis

No.	Study region	Study period	Integrated interventions targeting control of infectious sources	Study measurements	References
1	Anhui province	2002–2003	Replacement of cattle with machines, improvement of sanitation, and building lavatories and latrines	Human S. japonicum infection and snail infection	[61]
2	Mountainous regions of Yunnan province	2006–2007	Improvement of sanitation, and building lavatories and latrines and prohibition of grazing cattle in the grasslands	Human S. japonicum infection and snail infection	[27]
3	Poyang Lake region	2005–2007	Removing cattle from snail-infested grasslands, providing farmers with mechanized farm equipment, improving sanitation by supplying tap water and building lavatories and latrines, providing boats with fecal matter containers, and implementing an intensive health education program	Human S. japonicum infection and snail infection	[42]
4	Four provinces of Anhui, Hubei, Hunan and Jiangxi	2005–2008	Removing cattle from snail-infested grasslands, providing farmers with mechanized farm equipment, improving sanitation by supplying tap water and building lavatories and latrines, providing boats with fecal matter containers, and implementing an intensive health education program	Human S. japonicum infection and snail infection	[43]
5	Xuancheng city of Anhui province	2006–2007	Replacement of cattle with machines, improvement of sanitation, and building lavatories and latrines	Human S. japonicum infection and snail infection	[59]
6	Jingzhou city of Hubei province	2010–2011	Replacement of cattle with machines, and prohibition of grazing cattle in the grasslands	Human S. japonicum infection and snail infection	[25]
7	Gong’an county of Hubei province	2009–2011	Building fences to limit the grazing area for cattle, building safe pastures for grazing, improving the residents’ health conditions and facilities	Human S. japonicum infection and snail infection	[15]
8	Jinxian county along Poyang Lake region	2004–2005	Grazing and marshland isolation, replacing cattle with tractors, and improving access to water and sanitation facilities	Human S. japonicum infection and snail infection	[60]

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