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Appendix B
Details of the data collected from the included cases.
| Reference | Sex | Age | Geographical origin | Source of infection and time between consumption and symptoms insurgence | Parasite species | Method used for larval detection | Identification method | Parasite location | Symptoms | Treatment/outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stallone et al. [113] | F | 40 | Apulia, Bari | Raw fish products consumed a few hours before | Anisakis sp. | n.a. | microscopy | Gastric | Epigastric pain | n.a./n.a |
| Cancrini et al. [24] | F | 38 | Sicily, Catania | Habitual consumption of raw fish products | Anisakis sp. | Laparatomy | Histology | Omentum | Severe pain in the ileocecal region | Surgery/n.a. |
| Cancrini et al. [23] | M | 50 | Sicily, Catania | Raw fish (“pesce azzurro”) consumed 10 h before | Anisakis sp. | Endoscopy | Microscopy | Gastric | Acute epigastric pain | Removal by endoscopy/n.a. |
| D’Amelio et al. [35] | F | 51 | Apulia, Bari | Habitual consumption of raw fish and squids | A. pegreffii | Endoscopy | PCR-RFLPs | Gastric | Acute severe epigastralgia, followed 20 days later by generalized urticaria, neck and head paresthesia | Removal by endoscopy/n.a. |
| Maggi et al. [64] | F | 43 | Apulia | Unclear, raw fish normally consumed | A. simplex | Laparatomy | Histology | Gastric | Epigastric pain | Surgery/no complications |
| F | 34 | Apulia | Non-consumer of raw fish | A. simplex | Laparatomy | Histology | Ileum | Abdominal pain | Surgery/no complications | |
| F | 43 | Apulia | Pickled anchovies normally consumed | A. simplex | Laparatomy | Histology | Jejunal mesentery | Abdominal cramps | Surgery + mebendazole (200 mg/day in 2 doses for 3 days)/follow up in progress | |
| Pampiglione et al. [90] | F | 30 | Apulia, Bari | Raw marinated sardines or anchovies occasionally consumed | Anisakis sp. | Laparatomy | Histology | Ileum | Acute abdominal syndrome | Surgery/n.a. |
| F | 22 | Molise, Campobasso | Raw marinated sardines or anchovies consumed a few days before | Anisakis sp. | Laparatomy | Histology | Mesentery | Acute appendicitis | Surgery/n.a. | |
| F | 54 | Apulia, Bari | raw marinated sardines or anchovies consumed a few days before | Anisakis sp. | Laparatomy | Histology | Omentum | Intestinal occlusion | Surgery/n.a. | |
| M | 37 | Apulia, Bari | Raw marinated sardines or anchovies occasionally consumed | Anisakis sp. | Laparatomy | Histology | Omentum | Gastric ulcer | Surgery/n.a. | |
| F | 44 | Molise, Campobasso | Raw marinated sardines or anchovies consumed 4 days before | Anisakis sp. | Laparatomy | Histology | Omentum | Intestinal occlusion | Surgery/n.a. | |
| F | 60 | Apulia, Bari | Raw marinated sardines or anchovies habitually consumed | Anisakis sp. | Laparatomy | Histology | Epiploic appendix | Colon neoplasia | Surgery/n.a. | |
| M | 48 | Apulia, Brindisi | Raw marinated sardines or anchovies consumed 8h before | Anisakis sp. | Laparatomy | Histology | Ileum | Intestinal occlusion | Surgery/n.a. | |
| F | 41 | Apulia, Brindisi | Raw marinated sardines or anchovies consumed 10 days before | Anisakis sp. | Laparatomy | Histology | Ileum | Acute appendicitis | Surgery/n.a. | |
| M | 56 | Apulia, Bari | Raw marinated sardines or anchovies consumed few hours before | Anisakis sp. | Laparatomy | Histology | Gastric | Acute abdominal syndrome | Surgery/n.a. | |
| F | 86 | Apulia, Bari | Raw marinated sardines or anchovies habitually consumed | Anisakis sp. | Laparatomy | Histology | Spleen | Acute abdominal syndrome | Surgery/n.a. | |
| F | 56 | Apulia, Brindisi | Raw marinated sardines or anchovies consumed 6 h before | Anisakis sp. | Endoscopy | Microscopy | Gastric | Epigastric pain | Removal by endoscopy/n.a. | |
| Caramello et al. [25] | F | 31 | Liguria, Savona (H) | Raw or undercooked fish consumed seven days before admission | Anisakis sp. | Laparatomy | Histology | Ileum | Severe abdominal colicky pain, accompanied by diarrhoea and vomiting | Surgery/no complications |
| Moschella et al. [83] | F | 37 | Latium, Rome (H) | Raw marinated anchovies consumed 20 days before | Anisakis type 1 | Laparatomy | Histology | Colon | Acute abdominal pain, nausea and emesis | Surgery + 200 mg mebendazole b.i.d. for 3 days/no complications |
| De Nicola et al. [39] | M | 40 | Abruzzo, Chieti (H) | Raw anchovies consumed few days before | A. simplex | Laparatomy | Histology | Caecum | Abdominal pain, nausea and fever | Surgery/no complications |
| Montalto et al. [82] | M | 41 | Latium, Rome (H) | Marinated sardines about 7 days before and regularly | A. simplex | Laparatomy | Histology | Ileum | Partial intestinal obstruction evolving into acute abdomen | Surgery with resection of the right colon and the terminal ileum. 2 wrong diagnosis: Chron and eosinophilic enteritis. Treatment with pyrantel pamoatem, paromomycin, then metronidazole and low doses of steroids when finally anisakiasis was diagnosed (2 years later)/no complications |
| Pellegrini et al. [91] | M | 33 | Tuscany, Siena | Pickled anchovies consumed a few days before | A. simplex | Laparatomy | Histology | Jejunum | Diffuse abdominal pain accompanied by vomiting | Surgery/no complications |
| Fazii et al. [47] | F | 32 | Abruzzo, Chieti | Marinated anchovies consumed in the preceeding days | Anisakis sp. | Endoscopy | Microscopy | Gastric | Epigastric pain | Removal by endoscopy/n.a. |
| M | 66 | Abruzzo, Pescara | Marinated anchovies consumed in the preceeding days | Anisakis sp. | Endoscopy | Microscopy | Gastric | Gastroscopy for control | Removal by endoscopy/n.a. | |
| M | 45 | Abruzzo, Pescara, Popoli | Marinated anchovies consumed in the preceeding days | Anisakis sp. | Endoscopy | Microscopy | Colon | Colonscopy for control | Removal by endoscopy/no complications (diet without seafood and gloves during work) | |
| Avellino et al. [12] | F | 49 | Latium, Rome (H) | Not reported | A. pegreffii | Endoscopy | PCR-RFLP | Esophagus | Not described | Removal by endoscopy/n.a. |
| Ugenti et al. [117] | F | 51 | Apulia, Bari (H) | Raw anchovies consumed 2 h before | A. simplex complex | Endoscopy | Light and scanning electric microscopy | Gastric | Very severe epigastric pain, vomiting | Removal by endoscopy/prompt recovery, no complications |
| F | 46 | Apulia, Bari (H) | Raw anchovies consumed 12 h before | A. simplex complex | Endoscopy | light and scanning electric microscopy | Gastric | Severe epigastric pain without nausea or vomiting | Removal by endoscopy/prompt recovery, no complications | |
| F | 61 | Apulia, Bari (H) | Raw anchovies consumed 12 h before | A. simplex complex | Endoscopy | light and scanning electric microscopy | Gastric | Violent epigastric pain | Removal by endoscopy/prompt recovery, no complications | |
| Fumarola et al. [49] | F | 49 | Apulia, Bari | Homemade raw pickled (vinegar) anchovies consumed 6 h before | L3 larva of the genus Anisakis on the basis of morphological criteria. A. pegreffii by PCR-RFLP | Endoscopy | Microscopy + PCR-RFLP | Gastric | Bloody vomiting and severe gastric pain | Removal by endoscopy/prompt recovery, no complications |
| F | 59 | Apulia, Bari | Regular eater of undercooked fish | L3 larva of the genus Anisakis on the basis of morphological criteria. A. pegreffii by PCR-RFLP | Endoscopy | Microscopy + PCR-RFLP | Gastric | Gastric pain and meteorism | Removal by endoscopy/n.a. | |
| Marzocca et al. [67] | M | 33 | Tuscany, Siena | Marinated anchovies consumed in the preceeding days | A. simplex | Laparatomy | Histology | Jejunum | Severe upper abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, without fever | Surgery/no complications |
| Aloia et al. [3] | M | 32 | Campania, Salerno (H) | Raw marinated anchovies consumed three days before the colonoscopy | A. simplex | Endoscopy | Microscopy | Colon | Rectal bleeding with no other symptomatology | Removal by endoscopy + albendazole (400 mg b.i.d. for 4 days)/no complications (diet without seafood) |
| Mattiucci et al. [74] | M | Latium, Viterbo | Raw anchovies consumed 2 months before | A. pegreffii | Laparatomy | DNA extraction technique from paraffin-embedded tissue, followed by PCR (cox 2) | Caecum | Acute abdominal pain in the lower right quadrant, nausea and emesis | Surgery/n.a. | |
| De Rosa [40] | F | 19 | Abruzzo, Chieti, Guardiagrele | Habitual consumption of marinated anchovies | Anisakis sp. | Laparatomy | Histology | Caecum | Acute abdomen | Surgery/n.a. |
| M | 38 | Abruzzo, Pescara | Habitual consumption of marinated anchovies | Anisakis sp. | Laparatomy | Histology | Ileum | Acute abdomen | Surgery/n.a. | |
| M | 32 | Abruzzo, Pescara | Marinated anchovies consumed 7 days before | Anisakis sp. | Laparatomy | Histology | Ileum | Acute abdomen | Surgery/n.a. | |
| M | 39 | Abruzzo, Chieti, Ortona a Mare | Habitual consumption of marinated anchovies | Anisakis sp. | Laparatomy | Histology | Ileum | Acute abdomen | Surgery/n.a. | |
| M | 51 | Abruzzo, Pescara | Habitual consumption of marinated anchovies | Anisakis sp. | Laparatomy | Histology | Colon | Acute abdomen | Surgery/n.a. | |
| F | 35 | Abruzzo, Chieti, Ortona a Mare | Marinated anchovies consumed a few days before | Anisakis sp. | Laparatomy | Histology | Ileum | Acute abdomen | Surgery/n.a. | |
| M | 40 | Abruzzo, Chieti | Marinated anchovies consumed a few days before | Anisakis sp. | Laparatomy | Histology | Caecum | Acute abdomen | Surgery/n.a. | |
| M | 67 | Abruzzo, Chieti | Habitual consumption of marinated anchovies | Anisakis sp. | Laparatomy | Histology | Colon | Light abdominal pain | Surgery/n.a. | |
| F | 27 | Abruzzo, Chieti, Vasto | Marinated anchovies consumed a few days before | Anisakis sp. | Laparatomy | Histology | Ileum | Abdominal pain | Surgery/n.a. | |
| M | 59 | Abruzzo, Chieti, Lanciano | Marinated anchovies consumed 24 h before | Anisakis sp. | Endoscopy | Microscopy | Colon | Acute abdomen | Removal by endoscopy/n.a. | |
| F | 38 | Molise, Montecilfone (CB) | Marinated anchovies (only one anchovy) consumed 12 h before | Anisakis sp. | Laparatomy | Histology | Ileum | Acute abdomen | Surgery/n.a. | |
| F | 45 | Abruzzo, Teramo | Marinated anchovies a few days before | Anisakis sp. | Endoscopy | Microscopy | Colon | Abdominal pain | Removal by endoscopy/n.a. | |
| F | 44 | Abruzzo, Teramo, Campli | Marinated anchovies consumed 4 h before | Anisakis sp. | Endoscopy | Microscopy | Gastric | Epigastric pain | Removal by endoscopy/n.a. | |
| M | 30 | Abruzzo, Chieti, Francavilla al Mare | Marinated anchovies consumed 12 h before | Anisakis sp. | Endoscopy | Microscopy | Gastric | Epigastric pain | Removal by endoscopy/n.a. | |
| F | 28 | Abruzzo, Chieti | Sushi consumed a few days before at a restaurant | Anisakis sp. | Laparatomy | Histology | Mesentery | Acute abdomen | Surgery/n.a. | |
| Pontone et al. [96] | F | 55 | Latium, Rome (H) | Marinated anchovies consumed 12 h before | Anisakis sp. | Endoscopy | Microscopy | Gastric | Acute chest discomfort, no abdominal pain | Removal by endoscopy/prompt recovery, no complications |
| Mattiucci et al. [71] | n.a. | n.a. | Campania, Benevento | Raw fresh marinated anchovies consumed 2 h before | A. pegreffii | Endoscopy | PCR (cox II, ITS region) | Gastric | Epigastric pain, edema of oral mucosa | Removal by endoscopy/n.a. |
| n.a. | n.a. | Abruzzo, Pescara | Raw fresh marinated anchovies consumed 24 h before | A. pegreffii | Endoscopy | PCR (cox II, ITS region) | Gastric | Epigastric pain, urticaria, generalized edema | Removal by endoscopy/n.a. | |
| n.a. | n.a. | Abruzzo, Pescara | Raw fresh marinated anchovies consumed 24 h before | A. pegreffii | Endoscopy | PCR (cox II, ITS region) | Gastric | Epigastric pain | Removal by endoscopy/n.a. | |
| n.a. | n.a. | Abruzzo, Pescara | Raw fresh marinated anchovies consumed 1 day before | A. pegreffii | Endoscopy | PCR (cox II, ITS region) | Gastric | Epigastric pain, digestive symptoms | Removal by endoscopy/n.a. | |
| n.a. | n.a. | Abruzzo, Pescara | Raw fresh marinated anchovies consumed 1 day before | A. pegreffii | Endoscopy | PCR (cox II, ITS region) | Gastric | Epigastric pain | Removal by endoscopy/n.a. | |
| n.a. | n.a. | Latium, Rome | Raw fresh marinated anchovies consumed 1 day before | A. pegreffii | Endoscopy | PCR (cox II, ITS region) | Gastric | Epigastric pain, urticaria | Removal by endoscopy/n.a. | |
| n.a. | n.a. | Tuscany, Pisa | Raw fresh marinated anchovies consumed 2 days before | A. pegreffii | Endoscopy | PCR (cox II, ITS region) | Gastric | Epigastric pain, vomiting | Removal by endoscopy/n.a. | |
| n.a. | n.a. | Campania, Naples | Raw fresh marinated anchovies consumed 2–3 h before | A. pegreffii | Endoscopy | PCR (cox II, ITS region) | Gastric | Epigastric pain | Removal by endoscopy/n.a. | |
| Mumoli and Merlo [84] | M | 56 | Tuscany, Livorno (H) | Sushi and sashimi consumed at a restaurant a month before | A. simplex | Endoscopy | Histology | Colon | Nausea and colicky pain in the lower left abdominal quadrant | Removal by endoscopy/n.a. |
| Andrisani et al. [5] | F | 56 | Latium, Rome (H) | Raw fish (time of consumption unknown) | Anisakis sp. | Endoscopy | Histology | Colon | Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea | Surgery/n.a. |
| Baron et al. [15] | M | 20 | Not clear (Campania or Sicily) | Raw anchovies consumed 7 days before the symptoms | Anisakis sp. | Laparatomy | Histology | Ileum | Abdominal pain and vomiting | Surgery/no complications |
| Mariano et al. [65] | F | 53 | Latium, Rome | Marinated anchovies consumed the night before onset of gastric symptoms | Anisakis sp. | Endoscopy | Histology | Gastric | Intense stomach ache associated with aspecific chest pain | Removal by endoscopy/prompt recovery, no complications |
| Carbotta et al. [26] | M | 61 | Apulia, Bari | Raw fish consumed 3 days before admission | Anisakis sp. | Laparatomy | Histology | Ileum | Abdominal pain, vomit and constipation | Surgery/no complications |
| Mattiucci et al [70] | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | Marinated anchovies | A. pegreffii | Endoscopy | PCR (COII) | Gastric | Gastro-allergic anisakiasis | endoscopy/n.a. |
| n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | Marinated anchovies | A. pegreffii | Endoscopy | PCR (COII) | Gastric | Gastro-allergic anisakiasis | endoscopy/n.a. | |
| n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | Marinated anchovies | A. pegreffii | Endoscopy | PCR (COII) | Gastric | Gastro-allergic anisakiasis | endoscopy/n.a. | |
| n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | Marinated anchovies | A. pegreffii | Endoscopy | PCR (COII) | Gastric | Gastro-allergic anisakiasis | endoscopy/n.a. | |
| n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | Marinated anchovies | A. pegreffii | Endoscopy | PCR (COII) | Gastric | Gastro-allergic anisakiasis | endoscopy/n.a. | |
| Mattiucci et al. [75] | F | n.a. | Abruzzo, Pescara | Home-made raw marinated anchovies | A. pegreffii | Endoscopy | PCR (COII and EF1 α-1 nDNA region) | Gastric | Epigastric pain and nausea | Removal by endoscopy/prompt recovery, no complications |
| M | 58 | Latium, Rome | Home-made raw marinated anchovies consumed a week before, and 2 days after consumption the symptoms appeared | A. pegreffii | Endoscopy | PCR (COII and EF1 α-1 nDNA region) | Colon | Sense of oppression in the right side of the abdomen | Removal by endoscopy/prompt recovery, no complications | |
| M | 35 | Tuscany, Livorno | Home-made raw marinated anchovies consumed 10 days prior to hospital admission | A. pegreffii | Laparatomy | RT-PCR hydrolysis probe system – based on mtDNA cox2 | Colon | Abdominal pain, nausea and fever | Surgery/n.a. | |
| Palma et al. [89] | F | 52 | Latium, Rome (H) | Raw anchovies consumed at a sushi restaurant 5 days before | Anisakis sp. | Endoscopy | Histology | Gastric | Epigastric pain and gastroesophageal reflux disease | Removal by endoscopy/n.a. |
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