Open Access
Table 1
Studies of sperm ultrastructure in the Polyopisthocotylea.
| Family (Alpha. order) | Genus, species, author, and host * | Sperm reference | “Polyopisthocotylean” structure of sperm ** | Details ** |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Axinidae | Axine sp. (ex Hemirhamphus brasiliensis) | [55] | no | Only two micrographs; no lateral microtubules |
| Chauhaneidae | Pseudomazocraes cf. monsivaisae | [55] | Polyopisthocotylean | Typical structure; extremity with nucleus + single axoneme |
| Diclidophoridae | Diclidophora merlangi (Kuhn in Nordmann, 1832) Krøyer, 1851 | [27] | Polyopisthocotylean | Includes spermiogenesis; single micrograph shows typical structure |
| Diclidophoridae | Diclidophora merlangi (Kuhn in Nordmann, 1832) Krøyer, 1851 | [70] | Polyopisthocotylean | Single micrograph shows typical structure |
| Diclidophoridae | Diclidophora sp. | [105] | Polyopisthocotylean | Only two micrographs, but typical sections of spermatozoa |
| Diclidophoridae | Choricotyle chrysophryi Van Beneden & Hesse, 1863 [as Choricotyle pagelli] | [105] | Polyopisthocotylean | A single micrograph |
| Diplozoidae | Diplozoon sp.? [as Diplozoon gracile] | [39,48] | Aberrant | No axonemes; numerous parallel microtubules |
| Discocotylidae | Discocotyle sagittata (Leuckart, 1842) | [19] | Polyopisthocotylean | Includes spermiogenesis; crescent-shaped nucleus; lateral flange |
| Gastrocotylidae | Pricea multae Chauhan, 1945 | [110] | Polyopisthocotylean | Includes spermiogenesis; typical section; lateral flange |
| Gastrocotylidae | Gastrocotyle sp. | [99] | Polyopisthocotylean | Includes spermiogenesis; no section with nucleus and both axonemes, but sections with nucleus and single axoneme have the lateral microtubules |
| Gotocotylidae | Gotocotyla acanthura (Parona & Perugia, 1896) Meserve, 1938 (as Gotocotyla secunda) | [92] | dubious | Single photograph, without nucleus section |
| Gotocotylidae | Gotocotyla acanthura (Parona & Perugia, 1896) Meserve, 1938 | [56] | Polyopisthocotylean | Typical polyopisthocotylean structure with additional undulating membrane |
| Heteraxinidae | Cemocotyle sp. (ex Caranx crysos) | [58] | Polyopisthocotylean | Single micrograph, but typical |
| Heteraxinidae | Heteraxine sp. (ex Scomberomorus tritor) | [58] | Polyopisthocotylean | Several micrographs, typical |
| Heteraxinidae | Heteraxinoides sp. (ex Pomadasys jubelini) | [58] | dubious | Single photograph, not in region of nucleus |
| Heteraxinidae | Gonoplasius sp. (ex Pseudocaranx dentex) | [94] | Polyopisthocotylean | Includes spermiogenesis |
| Hexabothriidae | Erpocotyle catenulata (Guberlet, 1933) | [105] | Polyopisthocotylean | Single micrograph with several sections; electron-lucent nucleus; membranes disrupted; not sure whether lateral microtubules are present |
| Hexostomatidae | Hexostoma sp. (ex Euthynnus alleteratus) | [54] | Polyopisthocotylean | Only three sections shown, but typical |
| Mazocraeidae | Kuhnia sp. (ex Scomber colias [as S. japonicus]) | [55] | Polyopisthocotylean | Only two micrographs; typical structure, additional cytoplasmic microtubules |
| Microcotylidae | Metamicrocotyla macracantha (Alexander, 1954) Koratha, 1955 | [9] | Polyopisthocotylean | Includes spermiogenesis |
| Microcotylidae | Microcotyle sp. | [10] | Polyopisthocotylean | Includes spermiogenesis; only two micrographs depict typical sperm structure |
| Microcotylidae | Polylabroides australis (Murray, 1931) Mamaev & Parukhin, 1976 | [95] | Polyopisthocotylean | Includes spermiogenesis |
| Microcotylidae | Pagellicotyle mormyri (Lorenz, 1878) Mamaev, 1984 [as Microcotyle mormyri] | [104,105] | Polyopisthocotylean | Includes spermiogenesis |
| Microcotylidae | Microcotyle erythrini Van Beneden & Hesse, 1863 | [105] | Polyopisthocotylean | Includes spermiogenesis |
| Microcotylidae | Atrispinum sargi (Parona & Perugia, 1890) Euzet & Maillard, 1974 [as At. “sargui”] | [33,34] | Polyopisthocotylean | Not illustrated |
| Microcotylidae | Atriaster sp. (ex Diplodus cervinus) | [37] | Polyopisthocotylean | Includes spermiogenesis; polygonal nucleus |
| Microcotylidae | Atriaster heterodus Lebedev & Parukhin, 1969 | [96] | Polyopisthocotylean | Includes spermiogenesis; polygonal nucleus |
| Microcotylidae | Microcotyle sp. (ex Abudefduf analogus) | [55] | Polyopisthocotylean | Typical structure; membrane ornamentation |
| Microcotylidae | Sciaenacotyle panceri (Sonsino, 1891) Mamaev, 1989 [as Microcotyle pancerii] | [89] | Polyopisthocotylean | Includes spermiogenesis |
| Octomacridae | Octomacrum lanceatum Mueller, 1934 | [28] | Polyopisthocotylean | Includes spermiogenesis; typical sections |
| Plectanocotylidae | Plectanocotyle gurnardi (Van Beneden & Hesse, 1863) | [105] | Polyopisthocotylean | Only two micrographs, but typical structure well visible |
| Polystomatidae | Neopolystoma spratti Pichelin, 1995 | [109] | no | Includes spermiogenesis; at level of nucleus, the longitudinal microtubules do not form a complete circle |
| Polystomatidae | Pseudodiplorchis americanus Rodgers & Kuntz, 1940) Yamaguti, 1963 | [18] | no | Includes spermiogenesis; sections with nucleus have no lateral microtubules |
| Polystomatidae | Polystoma sp. | [68] | no | Sections with nucleus have no lateral microtubules |
| Polystomatidae | Polystoma sp. | [11] | dubious | Not illustrated; reports absence of peripheral microtubules |
| Polystomatidae | Concinnocotyla australensis (Reichenbach- Klinke, 1966) Pichelin, 1991 | [110] | Polyopisthocotylean | Includes spermiogenesis; annular nucleus section wrapping axonemes; two lateral flanges |
| Polystomatidae | Polystomoides sp. | [90,91] | dubious | No section at the level of nucleus |
| Protomicrocotylidae | Protomicrocotyle ivoriensis Wahl, 1972 | [99] | Polyopisthocotylean | Includes spermiogenesis |
| Pterinotrematidae | Pterinotrema sp. | [34] | no | Not illustrated; the text states that lateral microtubules are absent |
| Pyragraphoridae | Pyragraphorus pyragraphorus (MacCallum & MacCallum, 1913) Sproston, 1946 | [55] | Polyopisthocotylean | Two micrographs; typical structure |
| Sphyranuridae | Sphyranura sp. | [34] | dubious | Not illustrated; based on “personal communication by Oliver and Euzet” |
*
The systematic placement of species has been updated when appropriate; the host fish is indicated when the monogenean species was not identified.
**
“Polyopisthocotylean”: The Polyopisthocotylean structure is defined as two axonemes and a continuous row of peripheral microtubules in the region which contains the nucleus; “Aberrant”: special case of Diplozoidae; “Dubious”: available micrographs do not show the Polyopisthocotylean structure; “no”: available micrographs show that the structure is not polyopisthocotylean.
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