Natural Leishmania (Viannia) infections of phlebotomines (Diptera: Psychodidae) indicate classical and alternative transmission cycles of American cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Guiana Shield, Brazil

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Table 1.

Species composition, diversity, and infection rate of the Phlebotomine fauna in the Serra do Navio, Amapá State, Brazil, from 1996 to 1999.

S	Phlebotomine species	Capture method								Total	%	SIR
		CDC ground		CDC canopy		Shannon		Tree bases
		♀♀	♂♂	♀♀	♂♂	♀♀	♂♂	♀♀	♂♂
1	*Ny. umbratilis* (33)	524 (10)	123	1,634 (12)	731	130 (3)	190	16 (8)	40	3,388	38.43	1.43
2	*Ps. squamiventris maripaensis* (2)	156	12	134 (1)	1	627 (1)	63	1	1	995	11.45	0.21
3	Ev. infraspinosa	580	36	1	1	5	3			626	7.2	–
4	Ny. pajoti (2)	61 (2)	16	230	46	101	161	1	4	620	7.13	0.5
5	*Ny. anduzei* (2)	39 (1)	40	189 (1)	73	26	183			550	6.33	0.78
6	*Th. ubiquitalis*	183	138	8	4	31	36			400	4.6	–
7	*Ny. whitmani* (3)	42 (1)	13	168	12	13	2	4 (2)	37	291	3.35	1.32
8	Ty. trichopyga	56	95	24	16	7	5			203	2.33	–
9	Ps. hirsutus	32	26	48		40	12			158	1.93	–
10	Vi. tuberculata	44		94		2		1		141	1.62	–
11	*Ps. paraensis*	24	2	39	2	41	8			116	1.33	–
12	Ev. bacula	15		56	2	17	24			114	1.31	–
13	Vi. furcata	47		46	1	10	2			106	1.22	–
14	Lu. gomezi (1)	38	2	11	2	18 (1)	1	4	27	103	1.18	1.4
15	*Ps. davisi*	23	8	38	5	13	8			95	1.09	–
16	Pa. aragaoi	47	20	19	3		2			91	1.04	–
17	Th. brachipyga	27	34	3	1	5	2			72	0.82	–
18	Ps. amazonensis	16	3	24	4	24				71	0.81	–
19	Pa. scaffi		4					8	57	69	0.79	–
20	Ps. geniculatus	19	2	14		14	3			52	0.59	–
21	*Bi. flaviscutellata*	18	12	7	1	10	2			50	0.57	–
–	Brumptomyia spp.	17		29						46	0.52	–
22	Pa. barretoi barretoi	1	24		10		1			36	0.41	–
23	Ps. claustrei	6	4	6		15				31	0.35	–
24	Pa. dendrophyla	14	1	13		1	1		1	31	0.35	–
25	Ev. monstruosa	13	1	1		12				27	0.31	–
26	Ev. evandroi	15		2		2				19	0.21	–
27	Mg. migonei (1)	2 (1)		8	7		2			19	0.21	10
28	Pi. damascenoi	8		2		6			2	18	0.20	–
29	Pa. runoides	9	2	1	1	1				14	0.16	–
30	Pa. bigeniculata	4		1	1			2	6	14	0.16	–
31	Mi. rorotaensis	4	1			1		5	3	14	0.16	–
32	Mi. micropyga	9		1		1				11	0.12	–
33	Sc. sordellii (1)	5	1	1		2 (1)	1			10	0.11	12.5
34	Ev. sericea	5	4		1					10	0.11	–
35	Pa. dreisbachi			1	8					9	0.10	–
36	Pr. trispinosa	1	6	1						8	0.09	–
37	Lu. carvalhoi	4		2		1				7	0.08	–
38	Lu. spatotrichia	1		3	1		1			6	0.06	–
39	Ps. carrerai	2	2	1		1				6	0.06	–
40	Ny. antunesi	2	1						2	5	0.05	–
41	Ev. inpai	1	3							4	0.04	–
42	Pa. lutziana	2		1	1					4	0.04	–
43	Pa. inflata	1	2	1						4	0.04	–
44	Sc. fluviatilis	2				2				4	0.04	–
45	Br. travassosi		2		1					3	0.03	–
46	Pi. serrana			2		1				3	0.03	–
47	Ny. richardwardi	1		1						2	0.02	–
48	Pa. abonnenci		1		1					2	0.02	–
49	Mi. pilosa	2								2	0.02	–
50	Br. beaupertuyi		2							2	0.02	–
51	Ev. brachyphalla	1								1	0.01	–
52	Pi. pacae				1					1	0.01	–
53	Br. pintoi		1							1	0.01	–
	Total	2,123	644	2,865	938	1,180	713	42	180	8,685
Diversity	Taxa (S)	51		45		36		12		54
	Individuals	2,767		3,803		1,893		222		–
	Dominance (D)	0.1294		0.402		0.1967		0.2064		0.1852
	Shannon (H)	2.627		1.671		2.126		1.795		2.415

(): Number of individuals found with natural infection by flagellates; ♀♀: females; ♂♂: males; bold, species associated with ACL agents occurring in the Guiana Shield on the basis of current literature [6, 16, 53, 55, 65]; SIR: Species Infection Rate.

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