Vaccination with recombinant adenovirus expressing multi-stage antigens of Toxoplasma gondii by the mucosal route induces higher systemic cellular and local mucosal immune responses than with other vaccination routes

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Table 2.

CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ subtypes of T-cells from immunized mice measured using flow cytometry.

Immunization routes^a	Immunization regimen	Percentage of positive stained cells (%: mean ± SD n = 3)^b		CD4⁺/CD8⁺
		CD4⁺	CD8⁺
Intramuscular	PBS	21.6 ± 0.9	10.7 ± 0.6	2.02
	Ad-UMAS	35.7 ± 0.8	27.6 ± 1.3	1.29
Intravenous	PBS	20.3 ± 1.2	9.6 ± 0.4	2.11
	Ad-UMAS	25.6 ± 1.0	18.9 ± 1.4	1.35
Subcutaneous	PBS	19.1 ± 0.7	9.3 ± 0.6	2.05
	Ad-UMAS	28.5 ± 0.4	22.6 ± 1.2	1.26
Intraoral	PBS	21.4 ± 0.5	11.2 ± 0.8	1.91
	Ad-UMAS	37.4 ± 0.7^*	29.7 ± 0.2^*	1.26^*
Intranasal	PBS	20.9 ± 1.3	10.1 ± 0.8	2.07
	Ad-UMAS	40.6 ± 1.1^**	36.5 ± 1.8^**	1.11^**

Mice were immunized by five immunization routes, intramuscular, intravenous, subcutaneous, intraoral, or intranasal, on day 0 and day 21 with different immunization regimens.

The splenocyte culture supernatants taken from mice (n = 3, each group) 2 weeks after the last immunization were stained with FITC-labeled anti-mouse CD8⁺ monoclonal antibody and PE-labeled anti-mouse CD4⁺ monoclonal antibody; T lymphocyte subsets were measured using flow cytometry. Asterisks mark the significant difference:

p < 0.05;

^**

p < 0.01.

Each bar represents the mean OD (± SD).

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