Open Access
Review
Table 1.
Tunga species: Geographic distribution, sexes, stages, neosomes, and sites of attachment to their principal true hosts.
| Tunga species (Geographical distribution) | Sexes and stages | Neosome (hypertrophied female) |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Measurements (mm) |
Main true hosts |
||
| Shape | (length × width × height) | Order: Genera (principal sites of attachment) | ||
| T. penetrans (Latin America, Africa) | ♂, ♀, hypertrophied ♀, egg, larva 1st instar, larva 2nd instar, pupa | Globular without lobes | 6 × 5 × 4 | Artiodactyla: Sus (feet, scrotum, snout), |
| Primates: Homo (between the toes, periungueal region) | ||||
| Carnivora: Canis (around the claws, on the pads, on the muzzle) | ||||
| Cingulata: Dasypus (feet and paws) | ||||
| Rodentia: Rattus, Mus (feet) | ||||
| T. caecata (Brazil) | ♀, hypertrophied ♀ | Globular without lobes | 7 × 6 × 6 | Rodentia: Rattus, Mus (upper surface of ears) |
| T. travassosi (Brazil) | hypertrophied ♀ | Globular without lobes | 13 × 8 × 10 | Cingulata: Dasypus (ventral abdominal region) |
| T. terasma (Brazil) | ♂, ♀ (?), hypertrophied ♀ | With four prominent subcylindrical lobes | 10 × 9 × 13 | Cingulata: Euphractus, Dasypus, Cabassous, Priodontes (ventral abdomen and toes) |
| T. bondari (Brazil) | hypertrophied ♀ | Mushroom-shaped with a stem and conical posterior region | 6 × 6 × 5 | Pilosa: Tamandua (ventral abdomen) |
| T. caecigena (China, Japan) | ♂, ♀, hypertrophied ♀ | Elliptical with four lobes: dorsal and ventral portions of similar dilatation | 7–10 × 5 × 6 | Rodentia: Rattus, Mus (edge of the pinna and dorsal surface of ears) |
| T. callida (China) | ♂, ♀, hypertrophied ♀ | Spherical with four lobes: dorsal portion more swelled than the ventral portion | 4.5 × 4.5 × 4.5 | Rodentia: Rattus, Mus (around the anus) |
| T. libis (Ecuador, Chile) | ♂, ♀, hypertrophied ♀ | Vertically elliptical and without lobes | Higher than long | Rodentia: Akodon, Phyllotis (ears) |
| T. monositus (USA, Mexico) | ♂, ♀, hypertrophied ♀, egg, larva 1st instar, larva 2nd instar, pupa | Bell-shaped with eight lobes, arranged as four large outer lobes and four small inner lobes | 6 × 5.4 × 4.5 | Rodentia: Peromyscus, Neotoma (upper surface of the pinna) |
| T. trimamillata (Ecuador, Peru, Brazil) | ♂, ♀, hypertrophied ♀ | Globular with three lobes located anteriorly | 12 × 5 × 5 | Artiodactyla: Bos (coronary band, sole of the hoof, perianal area, udder, prepuce) Primates: Homo (feet) |
| T. bossii (Brazil) | hypertrophied ♀ | Globular without lobes | 9 × 8 × 7 | Rodentia: Delomys (base of the tail) |
| T. bonneti (Chile) | ♂, ♀, hypertrophied ♀ | Horizontally elliptical without lobes, in form of rugby ball | 10 × 6 × 6 | Rodentia: Phyllotis great axis of the tail) |
| T. hexalobulata (Brazil) | hypertrophied ♀ | Spherical, with six lobes located anteriorly, pearl-white colored, slightly compressed in anterior direction | 4 × 4 × 4 | Artiodactyla: Bos (coronary band) |
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