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All issues Volume 21 (2014) Parasite, 21 (2014) 74 Full HTML

Table 1.

PNM classification of alveolar echinococcosis (according to WHO-IWGE, 2006).

PNM Location and extension of the lesion
P Hepatic localization of the parasite
P X Primary parasite cannot be assessed
P 0 No detectable parasite in the liver
P 1 Peripheral lesions without proximal vascular and/or biliary involvement
P 2 Central lesions with proximal vascular and/or biliary involvement of one lobea
P 3 Central lesions with hilar, vascular, or biliary involvement of both lobes and/or with involvement of two hepatic veins
P 4 Any liver lesion with extension along the vesselsb and the biliary tree
N Extrahepatic involvement of neighboring organs [diaphragm, lungs, pleura, pericardium, heart, gastric and duodenal wall, adrenal glands, peritoneum, retroperitoneum, parietal wall (muscles, skin, bone), pancreas, regional lymph nodes, liver ligaments, kidneys]
N X Not evaluable
N 0 No regional involvement
N 1 Regional involvement of contiguous organs or tissues
M The absence or presence of distant Metastasis [lungs, distant lymph nodes, spleen, CNS, orbital, bones, skin, muscle, kidneys, distant peritoneum, and retroperitoneum]
M X Not completely evaluated
M 0 No metastasisc
M 1 Metastasis
a

For classification, the plane projecting between the bed of the gall bladder and the inferior vena cava divides the liver into two lobes.

b

Vessels mean inferior vena cava, portal vein, and arteries.

c

Chest X-ray and cerebral CT negative.

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