Open Access
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Table 2.
Antimalarial peptides with their native source and mechanism of action.
| Peptides | Sources | Mechanism of action | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apicidin** | Fusarium pallidoroseum (Fungal Metabolite) | Inhibits protozoan histone deacetylase (HAD) | [27] |
| Dermaseptin S4* (ALWMTLLKKVLKAAAKAALNAVLVGANA) | Frog skin | Inhibits the parasite’s ability to incorporate [3H] hypoxanthine | [46] |
| Dermaseptin S3* (ALWKNMLKGIGKLAGKAALGAVKKLVGAES) | Frog skin | Inhibits the parasite’s ability to incorporate [3H] hypoxanthine | [46] |
| Beauvericin | Paecilo mycestenuipes (Insect pathogenic fungus) | NA | [84] |
| Jasplakinolide* | Jaspis sp. (marine sponge) | Interfere with erythrocyte invasion by the merozoites | [76] |
| Dolastatin 10* | Dolabella auricularia (Sea hare) | Microtubule inhibitor | [39] |
| CEL-1000 (DGQEEKAGVVSTGLIGGG)** | b-chain of the human major histocompatibility complex class II molecule | Elicited Immune response | [22] |
| Hirsutellic acid A* | Hirsutella sp. BCC 1528 (Entomopathogenic fungus) | NA | [116] |
| Venturamide* | Cyanobacterium oscillatoria | NA | [68] |
| Antiamoebin I* | Emericellopsis poonensis (Fungus) | Inhibitors of mitochondrial activity | [82] |
| Efrapeptin* | Tolypocladium niveum (Fungus) | Inhibitors of mitochondrial activity | [82] |
| Zervamicin* | Emericellopsis salmosynnemata (Fungus) | Inhibitors of mitochondrial activity | [82] |
| Tyrothricin* | Bacillus brevis (Bacteria) | Exert its parasitic inhibition by rapid and selective lysis of infected erythrocytes | [98] |
| Isariins* | Isaria (Fungus) | Exact mechanism not known, inhibitory effect on the intra-erythrocytic growth of Plasmodium | [104] |
| Peptide IDR-1018 (Immune defence regulator)** | Host defence peptides (Synthetic) | Ability to modulate inflammatory responses | [1] |
| Benzyloxycarbonyl Z-Phe-Arg-CH2F* | Synthetic | Inhibit haemoglobin degradation by acting on cysteine proteinase | [103] |
| Phe-Orn-Phe-Orn* | Synthetic | NA | [93] |
| Lys-Phe-Phe-Orn* | Synthetic | NA | [93] |
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