| Issue |
Parasite
Volume 33, 2026
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Article Number | 23 | |
| Number of page(s) | 5 | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2026023 | |
| Published online | 17 April 2026 | |
Research Article
First human infection with Onchocerca takaokai (Spirurida: Onchocercidae) presenting as creeping eruption in Japan
Première infection humaine à Onchocerca takaokai (Spirurida : Onchocercidae) se manifestant par une éruption rampante au Japon
1
Department of Dermatology, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
2
Department of Dermatology, Sasebo City General Hospital, 9-3 Hirase-machi, Sasebo, Nagasaki 857-8511, Japan
3
Division of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kiyotakecho Kihara, Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
4
Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan
* Corresponding author: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Received:
27
January
2026
Accepted:
18
March
2026
Abstract
Zoonotic onchocerciasis is a rare human infection caused by Onchocerca species that normally parasitize non-human mammals. In Japan, all previously reported human cases have been attributed to Onchocerca japonica and have presented as localized, non-migratory subcutaneous nodules. Here, we report the first human infection caused by Onchocerca takaokai Uni et al., 2015. A 24-year-old male presented with linear migratory erythema on the forearm, clinically consistent with creeping eruption. Histopathological examination revealed an adult female filarial nematode with polymyarian-coelomyarian musculature, without internal cuticular ridges in the lateral cords, and lacking transverse ridges on the cuticle. Molecular analyses of the mitochondrial 12S rRNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox1) genes confirmed that the parasite was O. takaokai, a parasite of wild boars in Japan. This case demonstrates a clinical presentation distinct from that of O. japonica and suggests that O. takaokai should be considered in the differential diagnosis of creeping eruption in endemic areas.
Résumé
Première infection humaine par Onchocerca takaokai (Spirurida: Onchocercidae) se présentant sous forme d’éruption rampante au Japon. L’onchocercose zoonotique est une infection humaine rare causée par des espèces d’Onchocerca qui parasitent normalement les mammifères non humains. Au Japon, tous les cas humains rapportés jusqu’à présent ont été attribués à Onchocerca japonica et se sont manifestés par des nodules sous-cutanés localisés et non migrateurs. Nous rapportons ici le premier cas d’infection humaine à Onchocerca takaokai Uni et al., 2015. Un homme de 24 ans présentait un érythème linéaire migrant sur l’avant-bras, cliniquement compatible avec une éruption rampante. L’examen histopathologique a révélé un nématode filaire femelle adulte à musculature polymyarienne-coelomyarienne, sans crêtes cuticulaires internes dans les cordons latéraux et sans crêtes transversales sur la cuticule. L’analyse moléculaire des gènes de l’ARNr 12S mitochondrial et de la sous-unité I de la cytochrome c oxydase (cox1) a confirmé qu’il s’agissait d’O. takaokai, un parasite du sanglier au Japon. Ce cas présente un tableau clinique différent de celui d’O. japonica et suggère qu’O. takaokai doit être pris en compte dans le diagnostic différentiel des éruptions cutanées rampantes en zones endémiques.
Key words: Onchocerca takaokai / Creeping eruption / Zoonotic onchocerciasis / Human infection / Wild boar / Japan
Edited by Jean-Lou Justine
© E. Ikenaga et al., published by EDP Sciences, 2026
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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