Issue |
Parasite
Volume 26, 2019
|
|
---|---|---|
Article Number | 19 | |
Number of page(s) | 10 | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2019020 | |
Published online | 03 April 2019 |
Review Article
Urinary schistosomiasis in Nigeria: a 50 year review of prevalence, distribution and disease burden
La schistosomiase urinaire au Nigeria : un bilan de 50 ans sur la prévalence, la distribution et le fardeau de la maladie
1
Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu State, Nigeria
2
National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, PR China
3
College of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
4
Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
* Corresponding author: kenechukwu.onyekwelu@unn.edu.ng
Received:
19
September
2018
Accepted:
19
March
2019
We reviewed survey data deposited in the Global Neglected Tropical Diseases database and many other articles on the prevalence and distribution of Schistosoma haematobium in Nigeria. Schistosoma haematobium surveys conducted over the period of 50 years under review using different diagnostic tools revealed that Ogun State has the highest prevalence, followed by Ekiti state, while the lowest prevalence was recorded in Adamawa. No incidence of Schistosoma haematobium was recorded for states such as Akwa Ibom, Bayelsa, Nasarawa, Jigawa and Gombe. In terms of endemicity, this review has shown that Nigeria is divided into four zones: hyperendemic, moderately endemic, low endemic, and no endemic zones. A survey of 47 (15%) of the 323 dams in Nigeria revealed that 45 out of the 47 dams are located in the hyperendemic zone, while the remaining two are located in the moderately endemic zone. Twenty (43%) of the total surveyed dams harboured Bulinus globosus and/or Biomphalaria pfeifferi, the local intermediate hosts of schistosomes, and 18 of these are located in the hyperendemic zone, while the other two are in the moderately endemic zone. We conclude that there is an urgent need to carry out a nationwide survey to help in planning, coordinating, and evaluating schistosomiasis control activities.
Résumé
Nous avons examiné les données recueillies dans la base de données mondiale sur les maladies tropicales négligées et de nombreux autres articles sur la prévalence et la répartition de Schistosoma haematobium au Nigéria. Les enquêtes sur S. haematobium menées au cours des 50 dernières années à l’aide de différents outils de diagnostic ont révélé que l’État d’Ogun avait la prévalence la plus élevée, suivi de l’état d’Ekiti, la plus faible prévalence ayant été enregistrée à Adamawa. Aucune incidence de S. haematobium n’a été enregistrée dans des États comme Akwa Ibom, Bayelsa, Nasarawa, Jigawa et Gombe. En termes d’endémicité, cette revue a montré que le Nigéria est divisé en quatre zones: hyper endémique, modérée, basse et sans endémie. L’enquête menée auprès de 47 (15 %) des 323 barrages au Nigeria a révélé que 45 des 47 barrages sont situés dans la zone d’hyperendémie, tandis que les 2 restants sont situés dans une zone d’endémie modérée. Parmi les barrages étudiés, 20 (43 %) hébergeaient Bulinus globosus et/ou Biomphalaria pfeifferi, les hôtes intermédiaires locaux des schistosomes, et 18 d’entre eux sont situés dans la zone d’hyperendémie tandis que les 2 autres se trouvent dans la zone d’endémie modérée. Nous concluons qu’il est urgent de mener une enquête à l’échelle nationale pour faciliter la planification, la coordination et l’évaluation des activités de lutte contre la schistosomiase.
Key words: Schistosomiasis / Schistosoma haematobium / Epidemiology / Snails / Morbidity / Praziquantel
© C.O. Ezeh et al., published by EDP Sciences, 2019
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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