Issue |
Parasite
Volume 24, 2017
|
|
---|---|---|
Article Number | 25 | |
Number of page(s) | 10 | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2017028 | |
Published online | 11 July 2017 |
Research Article
An outbreak of locally acquired Plasmodium vivax malaria among migrant workers in Oman
Une épidémie de paludisme à Plasmodium vivax acquise localement chez des travailleurs migrants en Oman
1
Malaria Research Unit, SMITh, ICBMS UMR 5246, University of Lyon, Campus Lyon-Tech La Doua, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622
Villeurbanne, France
2
The Department of Malaria, Directorate General for Disease Surveillance and Control, Ministry of Health, P. O. Box 393, Postal Code 113, Muscat, Oman
3
Directorate General for Disease Surveillance and Control, Ministry of Health, P. O. Box 2657, CPO 111, Muscat, Oman
4
Service Pharmacie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 103 Grande Rue de la Croix-Rousse, 69317
Lyon, France
5
Department of Infectious Diseases, The Royal Hospital, P. O. Box 1331, CPO 111, Muscat, Oman
6
Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Aarhus, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 82, 8200
Aarhus N, Denmark
7
Institut de Parasitologie et Mycologie Médicale, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 103 Grande Rue de la Croix-Rousse, 69317
Lyon, France
* Corresponding author: stephane.picot@univ-lyon1.fr
Received:
16
March
2017
Accepted:
24
June
2017
Plasmodium vivax is the most widely distributed human malaria parasite. Outside sub-Saharan Africa, the proportion of P. vivax malaria is rising. A major cause for concern is the re-emergence of Plasmodium vivax in malaria-free areas. Oman, situated in the south-eastern corner of the Arabian Peninsula, has long been an area of vivax malaria transmission but no locally acquired cases were reported in 2004. However, local transmission has been registered in small outbreaks since 2007. In this study, a local outbreak of 54 cases over 50 days in 2014 was analyzed retrospectively and stained blood slides have been obtained for parasite identification and genotyping. The aim of this study was to identify the geographical origin of these cases, in an attempt to differentiate between imported cases and local transmission. Using circumsporozoite protein (csp), merozoite surface protein 1 (msp1), and merozoite surface protein 3 (msp3) markers for genotyping of parasite DNA obtained by scrapping off the surface of smears, genetic diversity and phylogenetic analysis were performed. The study found that the samples had very low genetic diversity, a temperate genotype, and a high genetic distance, with most of the reference strains coming from endemic countries. We conclude that a small outbreak of imported malaria is not associated with re-emergence of malaria transmission in Oman, as no new cases have been seen since the outbreak ended.
Résumé
Plasmodium vivax est le parasite du paludisme humain le plus répandu. En dehors de l’Afrique subsaharienne, la proportion de paludisme par P. vivax augmente. Une préoccupation majeure est la réémergence de Plasmodium vivax dans les zones sans paludisme. Oman, situé dans le coin sud-est de la péninsule arabique, est depuis longtemps une zone de transmission de P. vivax mais aucun cas localement acquis n’a été signalé en 2004. Cependant, la transmission locale a été rapportée dans de petites épidémies depuis 2007. Dans ce travail, une épidémie locale de 54 cas pendant 50 jours en 2014 a été analysée rétrospectivement et des lames de sang colorées ont été obtenues pour l’identification et le génotypage du parasite. L’objectif de cette étude était d’identifier l’origine géographique de ces cas, afin de différencier les cas importés et la transmission locale. Une analyse de la diversité génétique et une analyse phylogénétique ont été effectuées en utilisant les marqueurs csp, msp1 et msp3 pour le génotypage de l’ADN des parasites, obtenu en grattant la surface des frottis. L’étude a révélé que les échantillons avaient une très faible diversité génétique, un génotype tempéré et une grande distance génétique avec la plupart des souches de référence provenant de pays endémiques. Nous concluons qu’une petite flambée de paludisme importé n’est pas associée à la réémergence de la transmission du paludisme en Oman, car aucun nouveau cas n’a été observé après la fin de la flambée.
Key words: Malaria / Plasmodium vivax / Outbreak / Oman / Genotyping / Temperate genotype
© B. Simon et al., published by EDP Sciences, 2017
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.
Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.
Initial download of the metrics may take a while.