Issue |
Parasite
Volume 23, 2016
|
|
---|---|---|
Article Number | 50 | |
Number of page(s) | 7 | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2016060 | |
Published online | 16 November 2016 |
Research Article
Studies of Laboulbeniales on Myrmica ants (III): myrmecophilous arthropods as alternative hosts of Rickia wasmannii
Études sur les Laboulbeniales des fourmis Myrmica (III) : les Arthropodes myrmécophiles comme hôtes alternatifs de Rickia wasmannii
1
Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
2
Department of Evolutionary Zoology and Human Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
3
Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
* Corresponding author: dhaelewaters@fas.harvard.edu
Received:
7
September
2016
Accepted:
1
November
2016
Myrmecophilous arthropods and their manifold relations to host ants are interesting from an evolutionary perspective. Rickia wasmannii is an ectoparasitic fungus belonging to the Laboulbeniales order. Here, we show that inquiline mites can become infected by R. wasmannii, which was thought to be restricted to the genus Myrmica (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). This is the first report of R. wasmannii from an alternative host in another subphylum (Chelicerata). We also found immature fruiting bodies on a larva of Microdon myrmicae (Diptera: Syrphidae), which represents the first report of any Rickia species on flies. This fungus is capable of infecting alternative, unrelated host species as they co-occur in the ant nest “microhabitat”. These observations provide direct evidence for ecological specificity in Laboulbeniales. The presence of R. wasmannii on inquilines in Myrmica ant nests suggests that the parasite may have adapted to the ant nest environment and is less dependent on acquiring specific nutrients from the hosts. However, the alternative cannot be excluded; these infections might also represent chance events if the fungus is incapable of fulfilling its life cycle.
Résumé
Les arthropodes myrmécophiles et leurs relations multiples avec leurs fourmis hôtes sont intéressants d’un point de vue évolutif. Rickia wasmannii est un champignon ectoparasite appartenant à l’ordre Laboulbeniales. Ici, nous montrons que les acariens inquilins peuvent être infectés par R. wasmannii, que l’on croyait limité au genre Myrmica (Hymenoptera : Formicidae). Ceci est le premier signalement de R. wasmannii chez un hôte différent dans un embranchement différent (Chelicerata). Nous avons également trouvé des fructifications immatures sur une larve de Microdon myrmicae (Diptera : Syrphidae), ce qui représente le premier signalement d’une espèce de Rickia sur une mouche. Ce champignon est donc capable d’infester des espèces hôtes non apparentées qui sont présentes dans le « microhabitat » des nids de fourmis. Ces observations fournissent la preuve directe de la spécificité écologique des Laboulbeniales. La présence de R. wasmannii sur des inquilins dans les nids des fourmis de genre Myrmica suggère que le parasite peut s’être adapté à l’environnement des nids de fourmis et est moins dépendant de l’acquisition de nutriments spécifiques des hôtes. Cependant, l’alternative ne peut être exclue : ces infections peuvent également représenter des événements accidentels si le champignon est incapable de finir son cycle de vie.
Key words: Acari / Ecological specificity / Formicidae / Fungal parasite / Microdon myrmicae / Parasitism
© W.P. Pfliegler et al., published by EDP Sciences, 2016
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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