Xth EMOP, August 2008

Towards a vaccine against pregnancy-associated malaria

Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UR010, Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Université Paris Descartes, IFR 71, 4, avenue de l’Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France

^* Correspondence : Nicaise Tuikue Ndam. E-mail: Nicaise.Ndam@ird.fr

Abstract

The consequences of pregnancy-associated malaria on pregnant women (anaemia), their babies (birth weight reduction), and infants (increased morbidity and mortality) are well documented. Field observations during the last decade have underlined the key role of the interactions between P. falciparum variable surface antigens expressed on infected erythrocytes and a novel receptor: chondroitin sulfate A (CSA) for the placental sequestration of infected erythrocytes. Identification of a distinct P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) variant, VAR2CSA, as the dominant variant surface antigen and as a clinically important target for protective immune response to pregnancy-associated malaria has raised hope for developing a new preventive strategy based on inducing these immune responses by vaccination. However, despite particular structure and interclonal conservation of VAR2CSA among other PfEMP1, significant challenges still exist concerning the development of a VAR2CSA-based vaccine with profound efficacy.