Xth ICT, August 2000

Evaluation of two PCR-based techniques for molecular epidemiology in Finland, a high-endemic area with four sympatric Trichinella species

¹ Danish Centre for Experimental Parasitology, Ridebanevej 3, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
² Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 57, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
³ National Veterinary and Food Research Institute, PO Box 368, FIN-00231 Helsinki, Finland.
⁴ Laboratory of Parasitology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, viale Regina Elena 299, I-00161 Rome, Italy.

^* Correspondence : Christian Kapel. Fax : + 45 35 28 27 78. - E-mail : chk@kvl.dk

Abstract

Trichinella larvae collected from wildlife, domestic and synanthropic animals in Finland were identified to species by two molecular techniques: Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the recently described multiplex PCR. The RAPD-PCR was very sensitive to the sub-optimal preservation muscle larvae and resulting in weak and smeared bands on the gels for such material. However, the same samples yielded easily recognizable bands in the multiplex PCR; this latter technique is then recommended for epidemiological studies, especially when the preservation of the samples is sub-optimal. For larvae in good condition the unequivocal bands obtained by multiplex was the easiest identifiable. Four species of Trichinella were identified in the material: T. spiralis, T. nativa, T. britovi, and T. pseudospiralis. Trichinella britovi is a new record for Finland, and T. pseudospiralis is a new record for Northern Europe. Mixed infections between T. britovi and T. spiralis, T. nativa and T. spiralis, and between T. britovi and T. nativa were detected; this is the first record of a mixed infection between T. spiralis and T. nativa in a naturally infected host. Raccoon dogs were the only host species from which all of the four Trichinella species were detected. Trichinella spiralis was found in both domestic animals and wildlife, but none of the sylvatic Trichinella species were detected in domestic pig.