Table 1
Caballerotrematidae comparative measurements.
| Species | Caballerotrema brasiliense | C. brasiliense | C. brasiliense (USNM1339898 as Himasthla piscicola) | Alobophora annulata n. comb. | A. annulata | Alobophora sandrae n. gen., n. sp. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Host | Arapaima gigas | A. gigas | A. gigas | Electrophorus electricus | E. cf. varii | A. gigas |
| [44] | Present study | Present study | [66] | [11] | Present study | |
| TBL (mm) | 3.2–4.5 | 5.4–7.5 (6.7 ± 0.9; 4) | 7.3–10.0 (8.7 ± 1.9; 2) | 6.9–7.4 (7.1) | 7.5–8.7 (8.1 ± 849; 2) | 5.2–8.7 (7.6 ± 1.6; 4) |
| BMW | 634–803 | 741–811 (773 ± 29; 4) | 830–864 (847 ± 24; 2) | 480–560 (520) | 452–502 (474 ± 25; 3) | 673–920 (785 ± 95; 5) |
| WEB | – | 517–603 (575 ± 40; 4) | – | 368–416 (392) | 322–369 (346 ± 24; 3) | 510–752 (637 ± 118; 5) |
| WO | – | 423–627 (525 ± 85; 4) | 502–724 (613 ± 157; 2) | – | 418–459 (439 ± 21; 3) | 407–548 (484 ± 69; 5) |
| WC | – | 113–250 (205 ± 64; 4) | 141–168 (154 ± 19; 2) | – | 255–260 (258 ± 4; 2) | 163–248 (202 ± 43; 4) |
| HCL | 361–535 | 402–442 (424 ± 17; 4) | 467–505 (486 ± 27; 2) | – | 233–247 (240 ± 7; 3) | 357–485 (429 ± 56; 5) |
| HCW | 528–1042 | 741–811 (773 ± 29; 4) | 830–864 (847 ± 24; 2) | 320–432 (395) | 345–358 (353 ± 7; 3) | 673–920 (785 ± 95; 5) |
| OSL | 111–169 | 146–166 (155 ± 9; 4) | 145–183 (164 ± 27; 2) | 75–119 (97) | 120–122 (121 ± 1; 3) | 203–230 (213 ± 11; 5) |
| OSMW | 111–183 | 126–138 (132 ± 5; 4) | 133–190 (161 ± 40; 2) | 94–126 (107) | 75–78 (76 ± 2; 3) | 148–210 (185 ± 26; 5) |
| OSBW | 73–88 (79 ± 8; 3) | 89 (1) | – | – | 60–107 (89 ± 17; 5) | |
| NCA | – | 206–229 (217 ± 13; 4) | – | – | 125–135 (129 ± 5; 3) | 244–327 (294 ± 35; 5) |
| ESL | 222–310 | 482–581 (539 ± 47; 4) | – | 251–377 (318) | 341–411 (377 ± 35; 3) | 639–885 (783 ± 115; 5) |
| ESW | – | 29–31 (30 ± 1; 4) | – | – | 20–21 (20 ± 1; 3) | 45–65 (56 ± 8; 5) |
| PrEL | 14–28 | 46–64 (51 ± 9; 4) | 53 (1) | 107–170 (132) | 35–46 (41 ± 3; 3) | 153–264 (207 ± 47; 5) |
| PHL | 155–239 | 178–208 (194 ± 13; 4) | 231–234 (232 ± 2; 2) | 119–144 (129) | 113–131 (124 ± 10; 3) | 200–278 (227 ± 31; 5) |
| PHW | 99–127 | 75–81 (78 ± 3; 4) | 100–120 (110 ± 14; 2) | 94–138 (121) | 71–86 (80 ± 8; 3) | 130–172 (148 ± 16; 5) |
| PsEL | 249–320 (297 ± 33; 4) | – | – | – | 286–437 (362 ± 64; 5) | |
| EB | – | 665–739 (701 ± 37; 4) | – | – | 469–506 (484 ± 19; 3) | 950–1147 (1051 ± 90; 5) |
| CSL | – | 878–1192 (1034 ± 153; 4) | 1356–1495 (1426 ± 98; 2) | 860–1143 (948) | 324–428 (363 ± 57; 3) | 882–1041 (965 ± 59; 5) |
| CSW | – | 232–276 (252 ± 19; 4) | 337–401 (369 ± 45; 2) | 176–251 (209) | 144–230 (188 ± 43; 3) | 112–164 (131 ± 21; 5) |
| VSL | 239–380 | 311–348 (326 ± 16; 4) | 360–416 (388 ± 40; 2) | 163–327 (245) | 262–300 (283 ± 19; 3) | 287–463 (373 ± 74; 5) |
| VSW | 200–352 | 269–295 (281 ± 11; 4) | 416–441 (428 ± 18; 2) | 232–301 (268) | 240–257 (248 ± 9; 3) | 310–463 (376 ± 68; 5) |
| OVL | 78–84 | 166–194 (180 ± 16; 4) | 186–235 (210 ± 35; 2) | 201–207 (205) | 164–172 (168 ± 4; 3) | 137–229 (172 ± 40; 5) |
| OVW | 100–211 | 126–170 (152 ± 19; 4) | 201–226 (213 ± 18; 2) | 226–239 (232) | 162–187 (176 ± 13; 3) | 131–169 (148 ± 18; 5) |
| OA (mm) | – | 3.0–4.1 (3.6 ± 0.6; 4) | 4.4–5.5 (5.0 ± 0.8; 2) | – | 3.3–3.8 (3.5 ± 254; 3) | 1.9–3.5 (2.9 ± 0.6; 5) |
| OP (mm) | – | 2.1–3.3 (2.9 ± 0.5; 4) | 2.8–4.2 (3.5 ± 1.0; 2) | – | 4–4.8 (4.4 ± 530;2) | 3.1–5.7 (4.5 ± 1; 4) |
| OÖL | – | 73–109 (94 ± 15; 4) | – | – | 61–74 (66 ± 7; 3) | 36–106 (67 ± 26; 5) |
| OÖW | – | 50–83 (70 ± 15; 4) | – | – | 36–43 (40 ± 4; 3) | 52–82 (65 ± 13; 5) |
| VDB | – | 256–404 (332 ± 61; 4) | 375–415 (395 ± 28; 2) | – | 245–311 (282 ± 34; 3) | 276–319 (298 ± 22; 3) |
| VDW | – | 19–35 (26 ± 8; 4) | 28–46 (37 ± 13; 2) | – | 50–82 (63 ± 17; 3) | 14–27 (23 ± 8; 3) |
| VL (mm) | – | 3.3–5.4 (4.6 ± 0.9; 4) | 4.0–6.3 (5.1 ± 1.6; 2) | – | 6.1–6.2 (6.1 ± 72; 2) | 4.0–7.4 (5.9 ± 1.4; 5) |
| VA (mm) | – | 1.5–1.9 (1.7 ± 0.1; 4) | 3.3–3.3 (3.3 ± 11; 2) | – | 1.5–2.4 (1.9 ± 502; 3) | 1.2–1.9 (1.6 ± 0.3; 4) |
| VP | – | 157–225 (199 ± 31; 4) | 282–542 (412 ± 184; 2) | – | 134–195 (165 ± 43; 2) | 133–144 (140 ± 5; 4) |
| UL (mm) | – | 2.6–3.8 (3.2 ± 0.6; 4) | 3.8–4.9 (4.3 ± 0.7; 2) | – | 2.7–3.4 (3.1 ± 350; 3) | 1.2–2.5 (1.9 ± 0.5; 5) |
| EL | – | 77–87 (83 ± 5; 4) | 103 (1) | 72–85 (78) | 82–98 (92 ± 9; 3) | 80–98 (89 ± 8; 5) |
| EW | – | 48–54 (50 ± 3; 4) | 58 (1) | 50–85 (61) | 54–87 (67 ± 18; 3) | 62–72 (68 ± 5; 5) |
| ATL | 300–493 | 449–715 (561 ± 113; 4) | 677–819 (748 ± 100; 2) | 458–534 (484) | 363–375 (370 ± 6; 3) | 486–779 (609 ± 139; 5) |
| ATW | 72–155 | 158–188 (174 ± 13; 4) | 172–194 (183 ± 16; 2) | 270–333 (301) | 201–235 (215 ± 18; 3) | 170–229 (199 ± 27; 5) |
| PTL | 278–549 | 463–813 (602 ± 152; 4) | 733–813 (773 ± 57; 2) | 534–628 (569) | 418–465 (441 ± 24; 3) | 453–784 (581 ± 138; 5) |
| PTW | 95–169 | 155–172 (164 ± 9; 4) | 147–210 (178 ± 45; 2) | 251–283 (267) | 209–233 (222 ± 12; 3) | 146–224 (188 ± 30; 5) |
| ITS | – | 0 | 0 | – | 60–265 (141 ± 109; 3) | 128–244 (179 ± 49; 5) |
| CP | – | 270–393 (339 ± 51; 4) | 263–350 (306 ± 62; 2) | – | 208–286 (247 ± 55; 2) | 66–124 (92 ± 25; 4) |
| FB | – | 590–617 (602 ± 12; 4) | 748–884 (816 ± 96; 2) | 560–720 (640) | 442–544 (480 ± 56; 3) | 961–1242 (1105 ± 133; 5) |
| PTF (mm) | – | 1.4–2.0 (1.8 ± 0.2; 4) | 1.8–2.7 (2.2 ± 0.6; 2) | 1.7–2.7 (2.2) | 2.8–3.4 (3 ± 410; 2) | 1.9–3.8 (3.0 ± 0.8; 4) |
| Percentage | ||||||
| FB% | 12–18 | 8–11 (9 ± 2; 4) | 9–10 (9 ± 1; 2) | 9 | 5–6 | 14–18 (15 ± 2; 4) |
| PTF% | 24–29 | 26–31 (28 ± 2; 4) | 25–27 (26 ± 2; 2) | 23–39 | 37–39 | 36–44 (39 ± 4; 4) |
| U% | 29–33 | 42–52 (48 ± 5; 4) | 49–53 (51 ± 3; 2) | – | 40–42 | 23–31 (26 ± 3; 4) |
| HC% | – | 6–8 (6 ± 1; 4) | 5–7 (6 ± 2; 2) | – | 3 | 5–7 (6 ± 1; 4) |
| OS% | – | 2–3 (2 ± 0; 4) | 2 (2) | – | 1–2 | 2–4 (3 ± 1; 4) |
| PH% | – | 35–37 (36 ± 1; 4) | – | – | 33–43 | 24–32 (29 ± 4; 5) |
| ES% | – | 8–9 (8 ± 1; 4) | – | 3–5 | 10–12 (11 ± 1; 4) | |
| POS% | – | 40–50 (44 ± 5; 4) | 38–43 (40 ± 3; 2) | – | 54–55 | 52–66 (60 ± 6; 4) |
| Tegument | ||||||
| 1st SL | – | 12–17 (14 ± 2; 4) | – | 12–19 | 7.8–8.7 (8 ± 0.6; 3) | 14–19 (16 ± 3; 3) |
| 1st SW | – | 3–4 (3 ± 1; 4) | – | – | 5.8–6.1 (6 ± 0.2; 3) | 4.5–5 (5 ± 0; 3) |
| 2nd SL | – | 16–21 (19 ± 2; 4) | – | – | 13–22 (18 ± 5; 3) | 11–15 (13 ± 3; 2) |
| 2nd SW | – | 6 (6 ± 0; 4) | – | – | 11–21 (16 ± 5; 3) | 4–5 (5 ± 0; 3) |
| 3rd SL | – | – | – | 19–28 | 16–26 (20 ± 5; 3) | – |
| 3rd SW | – | – | – | – | 19–20 (19 ± 0; 3) | – |
| 4th SL | – | – | – | – | 13–21 (18 ± 4; 3) | – |
| 4th SW | – | – | – | – | 12–20 (16 ± 4; 3) | – |
*Estimated from published drawing.
Abbreviations: anterior testis length (ATL); anterior testis width (ATW); maximum body width (BMW); end of ceca to posterior end of body length (CP); cirrus–sac length (CSL); cirrus–sac width (CSW); esophagus bifurcation to anterior end of body length (EB); egg length (EL); esophagus length as a percentage of TBL (ES%); esophagus length (ESL); esophagus maximum width (ESW); egg width (EW); forebody length (FB); forebody as a percentage of TBL (FB%); head collar as a percentage of TBL (HC%); head collar length (HCL); head collar width (HCW); inter-testicular space length (ITS); nerve commissure to anterior end of body length (NCA); ovary to anterior end of body length (OA); oötype length (OÖL); oötype width (OÖW); ovary to posterior end of body length (OP); oral sucker length as a percentage of TBL (OS%); oral sucker length (OSL); oral sucker maximum width (OSMW); oral sucker base width (OSBW); ovary length (OVL); ovary width (OVW); pharynx length as a percentage of esophagus length (PH%); pharynx length (PHL); pharynx width (PHW); post-pharynx esophagus length (PsEL); post-ovarian space length as a percentage of TBL (POS%); pre-pharyngeal esophagus length (PPE); pre-pharynx esophagus length (PrEL); post–testicular field length (PTF); post–testicular field as a percentage of TBL (PTF%); posterior testis length (PTL); posterior testis width (PTW); total body length (TBL); uterine field as a percentage of TBL (U%); length of body occupied by uterus (UL); beginning of vitellarium to anterior end of body length (VA); transverse vitelline duct in breadth (VDB); transverse vitelline duct width (VDW); vitellarium length (VL); end of vitellarium to posterior end of body length (VP); ventral sucker length (VSL); ventral sucker width (VSW); body width at end of ceca (WC); body width at esophageal bifurcation (WEB); body width at ovary level (WO); Tegument abbreviations: tegumental spines length (SL); tegumental spines width (SW); inter-annulation space length (IAS); first segment of body (from anterior end of body to posterior end of ventral sucker) (1st); second segment of body (from posterior end of ventral sucker to posterior end of ovary) (2nd); third segment of body (from posterior end of ovary to posterior end of posterior testis) (3rd); fourth segment of body (from posterior end of posterior testis to end of annulations) (4th).
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