Open Access
Table 1
List of parasite taxa and their respective host species, country of origin and GenBank accession numbers of the markers used to infer the phylogeny. Taxa marked with * were not included in the phylogeny of Héritier et al. [22]. Taxa marked with ** were renamed since the publication of Héritier et al. [22] by Fan et al. 2020 [20], Du Preez and Verneau 2020 [18], Chaabane et al. 2019 [15], Tinsley and Tinsley (2016) [49], Du Preez et al. (2022) [17] and Chaabane et al. (2022) [14], with original names in brackets. In these cases, the GenBank accession numbers correspond to original names.
| GenBank Accession numbers |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Species | Host species | Country of origin | Infestation site | 12S rDNA | 18S rDNA | 28S rDNA | Cox1 mtDNA |
| Polystomatidae | |||||||
| Apaloneotrema moleri * | Apalone ferox | USA | Conjunctival sacs | MW029418.1 | MW029406.1 | MW029412.1 | MW029424.1 |
| Aussietrema spratti (Neopolystoma spratti **) | Chelodina longicollis | Australia | Conjunctival sacs | KR856105.1 | AJ228788.1 | FM992702.1 | Z83007.1 |
| Concinnocotyla australensis | Neoceratodus forsteri | Australia | Gills and Skin | AM157183.1 | AM157197.1 | ||
| Diplorchis ranae | Glandirana rugosa | Japan | Urinary bladder | KR856070.1 | AM157184.1 | AM157198.1 | JF699304.1 |
| Diplorchis shilinensis | Babina pleuraden | China | Urinary bladder | KR856071.1 | KR856123.1 | KR856141.1 | KR856162.1 |
| Eupolystoma alluaudi | Bufo sp. | Togo | Urinary bladder | KR856072.1 | AM051066.1 | AM157199.1 | FR667558.1 |
| Eupolystoma vanasi | Schismaderma carens | South Africa | Urinary bladder | KR856073.1 | AM157185.1 | AM157200.1 | FR667559.1 |
| Fornixtrema elizabethae * | Trachemys scripta elegans | USA | Conjunctival sacs | MW029414.1 | MW029402.1 | MW029408.1 | MW029420.1 |
| Fornixtrema fentoni (Neopolystoma sp. [R.p.] **) | Rhinoclemmys pulcherrima | Costa Rica | Conjunctival sacs | KR856110.1 | KR856134.1 | KR856153.1 | FR822555.1 |
| Fornixtrema guianensis * (Neopolystoma guianensis **) | Rhinoclemmys punctularia | French Guiana | Conjunctival sacs | KY200992.1 | KY200987.1 | KY200989.1 | KY200995.1 |
| Fornixtrema liewi (Neopolystoma liewi **) | Cuora amboinensis | Malaysia | Conjunctival sacs | KR856102.1 | KR856128.1 | KR856147.1 | FR822530.1 |
| Fornixtrema palpebrae (Neopolystoma palpebrae **) | Pelodiscus sinensis | Vietnam | Conjunctival sacs | KR856104.1 | FM992696.1 | AF382065.1 | FR822601.1 |
| Fornixtrema scorpioides * (Neopolystoma scorpioides **) | Kinosternon scorpioides | French Guiana | Conjunctival sacs | KY200993.1 | KY200990.1 | KY200996.1 | |
| Fornixtrema sp. [C.s.] (Neopolystoma sp. [C.s.] **) | Chelydra serpentina | USA | Conjunctival sacs | KR856107.1 | KR856131.1 | KR856150.1 | FR822529.1 |
| Fornixtrema sp. [G.p.] (Neopolystoma sp. [G.p.] **) | Graptemys pseudogeographica | USA | Conjunctival sacs | KR856108.1 | KR856132.1 | KR856151.1 | FR822553.1 |
| Indopolystoma elongatum (Polystoma sp. [R.a.] **) | Rhacophorus arboreus | Japan | Urinary bladder | KR856094.1 | AM157190.1 | AM157213.1 | KR856170.1 |
| Indopolystoma indicum (Polystoma indicum **) | Rhacophorus maximus | India | Urinary bladder | KR856085.1 | AM157193.1 | AM157216.1 | JF699303.1 |
| Indopolystoma parvum (Polystoma sp. [R.o.] **) | Rhacophorus omeimontis | China | Urinary bladder | KR856093.1 | AM157189.1 | AM157212.1 | KR856169.1 |
| Indopolystoma viridi (Polystoma sp. [R.v.] **) | Rhacophorus viridis | Japan | Urinary bladder | KR856095.1 | AM157191.1 | AM157214.1 | KR856171.1 |
| Kankana manampoka | Platypelis pollicaris | Madagascar | Urinary bladder | KR856074.1 | HM854292.1 | HM854293.1 | JF699307.1 |
| Madapolystoma cryptica * | Guibemantis liber | Madagascar | Urinary bladder | JN800278.1 | JN015518.1 | ||
| Madapolystoma ramilijaonae * | Guibemantis liber | Madagascar | Urinary bladder | JN800273.1 | JN015525.1 | ||
| Madapolystoma sp. [B.w] | Blommersia wittei | Madagascar | Urinary bladder | KR856075.1 | FM897290.1 | FM897273.1 | JF699308.1 |
| Metapolystoma brygoonis * | Ptychadena mascareniensis | Madagascar | Urinary bladder | FM897287.1 | FM897270.1 | JN800284.1 | |
| Metapolystoma cachani | Ptychadena longirostris | Nigeria | Urinary bladder | KR856076.1 | FM897280.1 | FM897262.1 | JN800294.1 |
| Nanopolystoma tinsleyi | Typhlonectes compressicauda | French Guiana | Urinary bladder | KR856077.1 | KR856124.1 | KR856142.1 | KR856164.1 |
| Neodiplorchis scaphiopi | Spea bombifrons | USA | Urinary bladder | KR856078.1 | AM051067.1 | AM157201.1 | KR856165.1 |
| Oculotrema hippopotami | Hippopotamus amphibius | South Africa | Conjunctival sacs | KR856120.1 | KR856140.1 | KR856159.1 | KR856178.1 |
| Parapolystoma bulliense | Litoria gracilenta | Australia | Urinary bladder | KR856079.1 | AM157186.1 | AM157202.1 | KR856166.1 |
| Pleurodirotrema chelodinae (Neopolystoma chelodinae **) | Chelodina longicollis | Australia | Urinary bladder | KR856100.1 | KR856126.1 | KR856145.1 | Z83005.1 |
| Polystoma australis * | Semnodactylus wealii | South Africa | Urinary bladder | AJ297771.1 | AM913872.1 | AM913854.1 | |
| Polystoma claudecombesi * | Rana angolensis | South Africa | Urinary bladder | FM897281.1 | FM897263.1 | ||
| Polystoma cuvieri | Physalaemus cuvieri | Paraguay | Urinary bladder | KR856080.1 | AM051068.1 | AM157203.1 | AM913862.1 |
| Polystoma dawiekoki | Ptychadena anchietae | South Africa | Urinary bladder | KR856081.1 | AM051069.1 | AM157204.1 | AM913857.1 |
| Polystoma floridana | Hyla cinerea | USA | Urinary bladder | KR856083.1 | AM157188.1 | AM157211.1 | AM913870.1 |
| Polystoma gallieni | Hyla meridionalis | France | Urinary bladder | KR856084.1 | AM051070.1 | AM157205.1 | JF699305.1 |
| Polystoma integerrimum | Rana temporaria | France | Urinary bladder | KR856086.1 | AM051071.1 | AM157206.1 | JF699306.1 |
| Polystoma lopezromani | Trachycephalus venulosus | Paraguay | Urinary bladder | KR856087.1 | AM051072.1 | AM157207.1 | AM913863.1 |
| Polystoma luohetong (Polystoma dianxiensis **) | Rana chaochiaoensis | China | Urinary bladder | KR856082.1 | KR856125.1 | KR856143.1 | KR856167.1 |
| Polystoma marmorati | Hyperolius marmoratus | South Africa | Urinary bladder | KR856088.1 | AM051073.1 | AM157208.1 | AM913858.1 |
| Polystoma naevius | Smilisca baudinii | Costa Rica | Urinary bladder | KR856089.1 | AM157187.1 | AM157209.1 | AM913864.1 |
| Polystoma nearcticum | Hyla versicolor | USA | Urinary bladder | KR856090.1 | AM051074.1 | AM157210.1 | AM913865.1 |
| Polystoma occipitalis * | Hemisus marmoratus | Ivory Coast | Urinary bladder | AM051075.1 | FM897264.1 | ||
| Polystoma pelobatis | Pelobates cultripes | France | Urinary bladder | KR856091.1 | AM051076.1 | KR856144.1 | KR856168.1 |
| Polystoma testimagna | Strongylopus fasciatus | South Africa | Urinary bladder | KR856092.1 | AM157194.1 | AM157217.1 | AM913860.1 |
| Polystoma umthakathi * | Natalobatrachus bonebergi | South Africa | Urinary bladder | AM913874.1 | AM913861.1 | ||
| Polystomoidella whartoni * | Kinosternon bauri | USA | Urinary bladder | MW029417.1 | MW029405.1 | MW029411.1 | MW029423.1 |
| Polystomoides asiaticus | Cuora amboinensis | Malaysia | Pharyngeal cavity | KR856113.1 | FM992697.1 | FM992703.1 | Z83009.1 |
| Polystomoides australiensis * | Emydura krefftii | Australia | Urinary bladder | Z83012.1 | Z83013.1 | ||
| Polystomoides cayensis * (Neopolystoma cayensis **) | Rhinoclemmys punctularia | French Guiana | Urinary bladder | KY200991.1 | KY200986.1 | KY200988.1 | KY200994.1 |
| Polystomoides euzeti (Neopolystoma euzeti **) | Mauremys leprosa | Algeria | Urinary bladder | KR856101.1 | KR856127.1 | KR856146.1 | KM258887.1 |
| Polystomoides orbiculare (Neopolystoma orbiculare **) | Chrysemys picta marginata | USA | Urinary bladder | KR856103.1 | KR856129.1 | KR856148.1 | FR822531.1 |
| Polystomoides oris | Chrysemys picta marginata | USA | Pharyngeal cavity | KR856115.1 | FM992698.1 | FM992705.1 | FR822533.1 |
| Polystomoides soredensis (Polystomoides sp. [T.s.s.] **) | Trachemys scripta scripta | USA | Pharyngeal cavity | KR856111.1 | KR856135.1 | KR856154.1 | FR828360.1 |
| Polystomoides tunisiensis | Mauremys leprosa | Algeria | Pharyngeal cavity | KR856116.1 | KR856136.1 | KR856155.1 | FR822570.1 |
| Polystomoides sp. [A.s.] (Neopolystoma sp. [A.s.] **) | Apalone spinifera | USA | Pharyngeal cavity | KR856106.1 | KR856130.1 | KR856149.1 | FR822527.1 |
| Polystomoides sp. [K.l.] (Neopolystoma sp. [K.l.] **) | Kinosternon leucostomum | Costa Rica | Conjunctival sacs | KR856109.1 | KR856133.1 | KR856152.1 | KR856175.1 |
| Protopolystoma occidentalis | Xenopus muelleri | Togo | Urinary bladder | KR856121.1 | AM051077.1 | KR856160.1 | KR856179.1 |
| Protopolystoma xenopodis | Xenopus laevis | South Africa | Urinary bladder | KR856096.1 | AM051078.1 | AM157218.1 | EF380004.1 |
| Pseudodiplorchis americanus | Scaphiopus couchii | USA | Urinary bladder | KR856097.1 | AM051079.1 | AM157219.1 | KR856173.1 |
| Pseudopolystoma dendriticum | Onychodactylus japonicus | Japan | Urinary bladder | KR856122.1 | FM992700.1 | FM992707.1 | KR856180.1 |
| Sphyranura oligorchis | Necturus maculosus | USA | Gills and skin | KR856098.1 | FM992701.1 | FM992708.1 | KR856174.1 |
| Sundapolystoma chalconotae | Hylarana chalconota | Malaysia | Urinary bladder | AM051080.1 | KR856161.1 | ||
| Uropolystomoides bourgati * (Polystomoides bourgati **) | Pelusios castaneus | Togo | Urinary bladder | AJ297781.1 | AF382068.1 | FR822602.1 | |
| Uropolystomoides malayi (Polystomoides malayi **) | Cuora amboinensis | Malaysia | Urinary bladder | KR856112.1 | AJ228792.1 | FM992704.1 | Z83011.1 |
| Uropolystomoides siebenrockiellae (Polystomoides siebenrockiella **) | Siebenrockiella crassicollis | Malaysia | Urinary bladder | KR856114.1 | FM992699.1 | FM992706.1 | FR822604.1 |
| Uropolystomoides sp. [P.c.] (Polystomoides sp. [P.d.] **) | Pelusios castaneus | Nigeria | Urinary bladder | KR856119.1 | KR856139.1 | KR856158.1 | KR856177.1 |
| Uropolystomoides sp. [P.s.] (Polystomoides sp. [P.s.] **) | Pelomedusa subrufa | Nigeria | Urinary bladder | KR856118.1 | KR856138.1 | KR856157.1 | KR856176.1 |
| Uteropolystomoides multifalx (Polystomoides sp. [P.n.] **) | Pseudemys nelsoni | USA | Pharyngeal cavity | KR856117.1 | KR856137.1 | KR856156.1 | FR822603.1 |
| Wetapolystoma almae | Rhinella margaritifera | French Guiana | Urinary bladder | KR856099.1 | AM051081.1 | AM157220.1 | AM913867.1 |
| Outgroup | |||||||
| Pseudaxine trachuri | Trachurus trachurus | France | Gills | AM157196.1 | AM157222.1 | MT666081.1 | |
| Neoheterobothrium hirame | Paralichthys olivaceus | Japan | Buccal cavity | MN984338.1 | AB162424.1 | LC658937.1 | MN984338.1 |
| Microcotyle sp. | Sebastes sp. | _ | Gills | DQ412044.1 | AJ287540.1 | AF382051.1 | DQ412044.1 |
| New specimens | |||||||
| Sphyranura euryceae (SPY1) * | Eurycea tynerensis | USA | Gills and skin | OP920607 | OP879228 | OP879230 | OP920607 |
| Sphyranura euryceae (SPY2) * | OP920606 | OP879229 | OP879231 | OP920606 | |||
| Sphyranura euryceae (SPY3) * | OP879225 | OP879232 | |||||
| Sphyranura euryceae (B2_07) * | OP879226 | OP879233 | |||||
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