Open Access
Table 1
Culicoides species list for Ecuador.
| Subgenus | Species (synonym) | Trap locality | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Anilomyia Vargas, 1960 | C. efferus Fox, 1952 | (Ti) | [56] |
| C. metagonatus Wirth & Blanton, 1956 | (Pa, Ti2) | [49, 56] | |
| Avaritia Fox, 1955 | C. pusillus Lutz, 1913 | (PE, SD, Oz) | [17, 52, 54] |
| Diphaomyia Vargas, 1960 | C. freitasi Wirth & Blanton 1973 | (Ti) | This study |
| Haematomyidium Goeldi, 1905 | C. debilipalpis Lutz, 1913 (khalafi Beck, 1957; ichesi Ronderos & Spinelli, 1995) | [17, 52] | |
| C. equatoriensis Barbosa, 1952 (as a variety of debilipalpis) | (Ti2) | [49, 56] | |
| C. ginesi Ortíz, 1951 | (Ti, CD, Ti2) | This study | |
| C. glabrior Macfie, 1940 (as a variety of debilipalpis) (grahambelli, Forattini, 1956) | (Ti, CD, Ti2) | [49, 56] | |
| C. insinuatus Ortíz & Léon, 1955 | (CD) | [17, 49, 54, 56] | |
| C. limonensis Ortíz & Léon, 1955 | (Ti2) | [17, 49, 54, 56] | |
| C. neoparaensis Tavares & Souza, 1978 | (Ti) | [13, 49] | |
| C. paraensis (Goeldi), 1905 (undecimpunctatus Kieffer, 1917) | (Ti, CD, Ti2) | [13, 17, 57] | |
| C. quasiparaensis Clastrier, 1971 | (Ti2) | This study | |
| C. youngi Wirth & Barreto, 1978 | (Pa) | This study | |
| Hoffmania Fox, 1948 | C. aitkeni Wirth & Blanton, 1968 | (Ti) | This study |
| C. batesi Wirth & Blanton, 1973 (sanmartini Wirth & Barreto, 1978) | (PE, Oz, Ti, Ti2) | [47, 49, 56] | |
| C. contubernalis Ortíz & Léon, 1955 (as a variety of rozeboomi) | (Ti) | [16, 34] | |
| C. diabolicus Hoffman, 1925 | (Pa, Ti, PE, Oz, CE, SD, Ti2, Oz2) | [47, 49, 52] | |
| C. filariferus Hoffman, 1939 | [54, 56] | ||
| C. foxi Ortíz, 1950 | (Oz, Ti, Oz2) | [47] | |
| C. fusipalpis Wirth & Blanton, 1973 | (Ti2) | [47, 49, 54, 56] | |
| C. guttatus (Coquillet), 1904 | (Ti, PE, Oz, Ti2, Oz2) | [17] | |
| C. heliconiae Fox & Hoffman, 1944 (rozeboomi Barbosa, 1947) | (Pa, Ti, PE, Ju) | [16, 49, 56] | |
| C. hylas Macfie, 1940 | (Pa, Ti, CD, PE, Ju, Ti2) | [1] | |
| C. insignis Lutz, 1913 | (Pa, CD, CE, Oz2) | [47] | |
| C. lutzi Costa Lima, 1937 | [17, 47] | ||
| C. ocumarensis Ortíz, 1950 | (Oz, SD) | [47, 56] | |
| C pseudodiabolicus Fox, 1946 | (Oz, Oz2) | [47, 54, 56] | |
| C. pseudoheliconiae FelippeBauer, 2008 | (Pa, Ti, Oz) | [1] | |
| C. tidwelli Spinelli, 1993 | [47, 49] | ||
| C. trinidadensis Hoffman, 1925 (oliveri Fox & Hoffman, 1944; wokei Barbosa, 1947 (preoccupied by Culicoides wokei Fox, 1947); diminutus Barbosa, 1951) | [47, 49] | ||
| C. verecundus Macfie, 1948 | (Pa) | [17, 49, 52, 54, 56] | |
| Macfiella Fox, 1955 | C. phlebotomus (Williston), 1896 (amazonius Macfie, 1935) | [49, 52, 56] | |
| Mataemyia Vargas, 1960 | C. bricenoi Ortíz, 1951 | (Ti, Ti2) | [49, 54, 56] |
| C. dicrourus Wirth & Blanton, 1955 | [49, 56] | ||
| Oecacta Poey, 1853 | C. alahialinus Barbosa, 1952 | [17, 49, 52, 56] | |
| C. barbosai Wirth & Blanton, 1956 | [49, 52, 56] | ||
| C. furens (Poey), 1853 (maculithorax (Williston), 1896; dovei Hall, 1932; birabeni Cavalieri, 1966) | [17, 49, 52, 56] | ||
| Psychophaena Philippi, 1865 | C. venezuelensis Ortíz & Mirsa, 1950 (pictipennis (Philippi), 1865; ortizi Fox, 1952) | (Ur, CD) | [56] |
| Species group | |||
| Acotylus group | C. acotylus Lutz, 1913 (panamericanus Fox, 1947) | (Ti) | This study |
| Carpenteri group | C. belemensis Wirth & Blanton, 1973 | (Ti, Ti2) | [1] |
| C. camposi Ortíz & Léon, 1955 (fairchildi Wirth & Blanton, 1955) | (Ti) | [17, 49, 52, 54, 56] | |
| C. carpenteri Wirth & Blanton, 1953 | [49, 56] | ||
| Dasyophrus group | C. dasyophrus Macfie, 1940 | (Ti2) | [49, 56] |
| Eublepharus group | C. eublepharus Macfie, 1948 (transferrans Ortíz, 1953) | (Ti) | [17, 49, 52, 54, 56] |
| C. propriipennis Macfie, 1948 | [49, 54, 56] | ||
| C. rangeli Ortíz & Mirsa, 1952 (donajii Vargas, 1954; patulipalpis Wirth and Blanton, 1959) | (Ti2) | [17, 49, 54, 56] | |
| Fluvialis group | C. balsapambensis Ortíz & Léon, 1955 (as a variety of C. pifanoi) | (Ti) | [17, 49, 52, 56] |
| C. castillae Fox, 1946 (gibsoni Wirth, 1952; flochabonnenci Ortíz & Mirsa, 1952) | (Ti, PE, Oz, Ju, CE, SD, Ti2) | [17, 49, 52, 56] | |
| C. leopoldoi Ortíz, 1951 | (Ti, PE, Ti2) | [56] | |
| C. tetrathyris Wirth & Blanton, 1959 | (Ti, PE, Oz, CE, SD, Ti2) | [49, 54, 56] | |
| C. sp1 | (Ti) | This study | |
| Leoni group | C. benarrochi Ortiz & Mirsa, 1952 | (Ti) | This study |
| C. gabaldoni Ortíz, 1954 | [49, 56] | ||
| C. glabellus Wirth & Blanton, 1956 | (Ti, PE) | [49, 56] | |
| C. leoni Barbosa, 1952 | [17, 49, 56] | ||
| Limai group | C. carvalhoi Wirth & Blanton, 1973 | (Ti) | This study |
| C. limai Barretto, 1944 | (Ti, PE) | [17, 49, 52, 54, 56] | |
| C. lopesi Barretto, 1944 | (Ti) | This study | |
| C. vernoni Wirth & Blanton, 1973 | (Ti) | This study | |
| C. sp2 | (Ti) | This study | |
| Monticola group | C. monticola Wirth & Lee, 1967 (pichindensis Browne, 1980) | [49, 56] | |
| Pachymerus group | C. pachymerus Lutz, 1914 | (Ti) | [17] |
| Reticulatus group | C. lyrinotatus Wirth & Blanton, 1955 | (Ti) | This study |
| C. paucienfuscatus Barbosa, 1947 | (Ti, Ti2) | [56] | |
| C. pifanoi Ortíz, 1951 (tricoloratus Wirth & Blanton, 1953) | (Ti, Oz, Ti2) | [54] | |
| C. profundus Santarém, Felippe-Bauer & Trindade, 2014 | (Ti) | This study | |
| C. pseudoreticulatus Santarém, Felippe-Bauer & Castellón, 2014 | (Ti, Ti2) | This study | |
| Stigmalis group | C. alvarezi Ortíz, 1957 | [49, 56] | |
| C. fluviatilis (Lutz), 1914 (scorzai Ortíz, 1956) | [49, 54, 56] | ||
Andean highlands: (Ur: Urkisiki); Northern Andean foothills: (Pa: Pacto), (PE: Paraiso Escondido), (SD: Santo Domingo de los Colorados); Southern Andean foothills: (CE: Caluma-Echandia); Amazon Basin: (CD: Cofán-Dureno), (Ti, Ti2: Tiputini); Coast: (Oz, Oz2: Santo Domingo de Onzole) and (Ju: Junin).
¥ Specimens from Ecuador previously considered to be C. verecundus were restored from synonymy by Felippe-Bauer et al. [15] and are now known as C. contubernalis Ortíz & Léon.
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