Two-dimensional (2D)-immunomics of advanced third-stage larvae of Gnathostoma spinigerum (aL3Gs) reacted with human sera. Two-dimensional (2D)-immunomics of advanced third-stage larvae of Gnathostoma spinigerum (aL3Gs) reacted with human sera from patients infected with G. spinigerum and other related helminths (A) Gs, G. spinigerum-infected human sera; Ac, Angiostrongylus cantonensis-infected sera; Sp, sparganosis sera; Nc, neurocysticercosis sera; Ss, Strongyloides stercoralis-infected sera; Healthy, healthy sera. After comparing the patterns of reactivity among the serum samples, seven spots were found to react specifically with G. spinigerum-infected sera. The spot patterns were compared with the 2D-gel, from which the proteins were excised for identification using mass spectrometry (B). Immunomics, 2D-immunomics; 2DE, 2D-gel electrophoresis. Arrows indicate the spots that reacted specifically with G. spinigerum-infected human sera.