Open Access
Table 1
Behaviour and ecology (immature position and host taxa) in polysphinctine clades I and II. Note that Hymenoepimecis robertsae parasitising a nephiline spider is mentioned here from a drawing suggesting the dorsal-press as in clade I [35]. Owing to the lack of behavioural description in the paper, we believe further observation is needed before the stance it truly manifests can be determined. Nothing is known about the immature biology of Dreisbachia, Inbioia (clade I), Aravenator, Chablisea, Lamnatibia, Pterinopus and Ticapimpla (clade II) at present. Taxa in which oviposition stance has not been specified are grouped under the generic name.
| Species | Matsumoto’s clade | Oviposition stance | Egg/larval position | Family of host (web type) |
Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brachyzapus nikkoensis (Uchida, 1928) [135] | clade I | dorsal-press (n =3) | cephalothorax [69,85] | Agelenidae (plane funnel web) |
this study in Japan |
| Piogaster sp. | clade I | dorsal-press (n =6) | cephalothorax [see also 113] | Salticidae (cursorial) |
this study in Finland |
| Zabrachypus sp. | clade I | dorsal-press (n =4) | cephalothorax [see also 112] |
Titanoecidae (ground-web) |
this study in Europe |
| Iania pictifrons (Thomson, 1877) [129] | clade I | dorsal-press (n =1) | cephalothorax [36,37,113] | Clubionidae (cursorial) | this study in Finland |
| Schizopyga circulator (Panzer, 1800) [101] | clade I | dorsal-press | cephalothorax [also 36, 37] | Clubionidae (cursorial) [also 36, 37] | [86] |
| Schizopyga frigida Cresson,1870 [25] | clade I | unknown | cephalothorax | Clubionidae (cursorial) | [36,37] |
| Schizopyga podagrica Gravenhorst, 1829 [58] | clade I | unknown | cephalothorax | Eutichuridae (cursorial) | [95] |
| Reclinervellus tuberculatus (Uchida, 1932) [136] | clade II | ventral-press | abdomen | Araneidae (orb web) | [87] |
| Hymenoepimecis argyraphaga Gauld, 2000 [48] | clade II | ventral-press | abdomen | Tetragnathidae (orb web) | [30] |
| Hymenoepimecis veranii Loffredo & Penteado-Dias, 2009 [83] | clade II | ventral-press | abdomen | Araneidae (orb web) | [53] |
| Hymenoepimecis robertsae Gauld, 1991 [46] | clade II | unclear which stance is used | abdomen | Araneidae, Nephilinae (orb web) | [35] |
| Zatypota albicoxa | clade II | ventral-press | abdomen | Theridiidae (cobweb) | [127] |
| Zatypota maculata Matsumoto & Takasuka, 2010 [88] | clade II | ventral-press | abdomen [88] | Theridiidae (cobweb) | K. Takasuka (in prep.) in Japan |
| Acrodactyla carinator (Aubert, 1965) [3], A. degener (Haliday, 1838) [62], A. quadrisculpta (Gravenhorst, 1820) [57] | clade II | unknown | abdomen | Tetragnathidae (orb web); Linyphiidae (3D web with a sheet) | [11,19,36,68,77,86,89] |
| Acrotaphus fuscipennis (Cresson, 1865) [24], A. tibialis (Cameron, 1886) [20], A. williti (Cresson, 1870) [25] | clade II | unknown | abdomen | Araneidae (orb web) | [16,33,55] |
| Eriostethus minimus Gauld, 1984 [45], E. rufus (Uchida, 1932) [136], E. perkinsi (Baltazar, 1964) [6] | clade II | unknown | abdomen | Araneidae (orb web), Theridiidae (cobweb) | [76,86] |
| Eruga cf. gutfreundi Gauld, 1991 [46], E. telljohanni Gauld, 1991 [46], E. unilabiana Pádua & Sobczak, 2017 [120] | clade II | unknown | abdomen | Tetragnathidae (orb web), Linyphiidae (3D web with a sheet) | [8,33,120] |
| Flacopimpla barathrica Fritzén, 2014 [40], F. parva (Cresson, 1870) [25], F. varelae Gauld, 1991 [46] | clade II | unknown | abdomen | Theridiidae (cobweb) | [27,40,121] |
| Hymenoepimecis bicolor (Brullé, 1846) [18], H. japi Sobczak, Loffredo, Penteado-Dias, & Gonzaga, 2009 [117], H. jordanensis Loffredo & Penteado-Dias, 2009 [83], H. manauara Pádua & Oliveira, 2016 [98], H. neotropica (Brues & Richardson, 1913) [17], H. silvanae Loffredo & Penteado-Dias, 2009 [83], H. sooretama Sobczak, Loffredo, Penteado-Dias, & Gonzaga, 2009 [117], H. tedfordi Gauld, 1991 [46] | clade II | unknown | abdomen | Araneidae (orb web); Araneidae, Nephilinae (orb web); Araneidae, Cyrtophorinae (3D web with a dome-shape platform); Tetragnathidae (orb web) | [33,52,54,98,115–117] |
| Longitibia sp. | clade II | unknown | abdomen | Linyphiidae (3D web with a sheet) | R. Matsumoto and K. Takasuka (unpublished) in Japan |
| Megaetaira madida (Haliday, 1838) [62], M. varicarinata (Uchida & Momoi, 1958) [138] | clade II | unknown | abdomen | Tetragnathidae (orb web) | [36,63,92] |
| Oxyrrhexis carbonator (Gravenhorst, 1807) [56], O. carbonator texana (Cresson, 1870) [25], O. zephyrus Fritzén, 2014 [41] | clade II | unknown | abdomen | Theridiidae (cobweb) | [26,41] |
| Polysphincta boops Tschek, 1869 [133], P. gutfreundi Gauld, 1991 [46], P. janzeni Gauld, 1991 [46], P. koebelei Howard, 1892 [67], P. longa Kasparyan, 1976 [71], P. sp. nr. purcelli Gauld, 1991 [46], P. rufipes Gravenhorst, 1829 [58], P. tuberosa Gravenhorst, 1829 [58] | clade II | unknown | abdomen | Araneidae (orb web) | [7,14,32,36,43,72,73,78,111] |
| Reclinervellus masumotoi Matsumoto & Konishi, 2007 [87], R. nielseni (Roman, 1923) [110] | clade II | unknown | abdomen | Araneidae (orb web) | [38,69,87,124,128] |
| Sinarachna nigricornis (Holmgren, 1860) [65], S. pallipes (Holmgren, 1860) [65] | clade II | unknown | abdomen | Araneidae (orb web) | [36,37,93] |
| Zatypota spp. (numerous) | clade II | unknown | abdomen | Theridiidae (cobweb); Linyphiidae (3D web with a sheet); Dictynidae (cobweb); Araneidae (orb web) | [7,9,31,39,40,51,66,67,75,79,80,88,119,124,140,142] |
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