Simplified phylogenetic relationship within polysphinctine clades and its outgroups including spider egg-nest parasitoids, after Matsumoto [86]. The upper inserted photo is the awl-like ovipositor of Brachyzapus nikkoensis, a representative of clade I, and the lower one is the ovipositor of Zatypota albicoxa, a representative of clade II, with a ventral expansion at the proximal end of the lower valves (arrowed).