Life cycle of aseptate gregarines in P. papatasi: a. Trophozoite (gamont) in the hemocoel of a female sand fly; b. Heavy infection with gregarine trophozoites in the haemocoel of male P. papatasi; c. Gametocyst (Note the absence of a nucleus); d. Oocysts spilling from the lumen of an accessory gland; e. Gametocyst attached to the accessory gland of the female sand fly; f. Oocysts adhered to the exterior surface of a sand fly egg. (Photos a–e by P. Lawyer; photo f. by E. Asafo-adjei).