Systemic humoral immune response and local mucosal immune response induced by Ad-UMAS via different immunization routes. (A) IgG antibodies detected in murine serum collected on days 0, 14, 35, and 49. (B) IgG, (C) IgG1, (D) IgG2a, and (E) IgA titers were detected using sera from 4 weeks after the last vaccination. The results are expressed as the mean of the OD450 ± SD and are representative of three experiments. Asterisks mark the significant difference: *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01. Each bar represents the mean OD (± SD, n = 15).