Open Access
Review
Table 2.
Summary of published work on the efficacy of experimental HIFU against E. granulosus.
Target | Summary of the procedure | Results | References |
---|---|---|---|
Cysts ex vivo | Cysts treated with 150 W or 250 W sound power respectively. | Detachment and disruption of the germinal layer. | [90] Chinese |
PSC in vitro | PSC suspension treated with different combinations of sound power (0–250 W) and time (5–60 s). | Dose-dependent damage and death of PSC; growth inhibition and mortality of survived PSC cultured in vitro; inhibition of infectivity of survived PSC in secondary infection mouse model. | [100] |
Cysts from mouse secondary infection ex vivo | Three groups, treated with 4 W, 9 W or 13 W sound power for 1 min. | Damage of the laminated and germinal layers. | [52] Chinese |
PSC in vitro | PSC suspension treated with 100 W acoustic power for 5–60 s with or without SAP. | Dose-dependent damage and death of treated PSC, enhanced in the presence of SAP. | [97] |
Cysts ex vivo | Cysts treated with 100 W sound power for 3 s each area for three times at a scanning speed of 3 mm/s with or without injection of SAP or UCA alone or in combination. | Change in ultrasound echo pattern after treatment; increased mortality rate of PSC after treatment HIFU alone < SAP or UCA-aided HIFU < SAP + UCA-aided HIFU; damage of the laminated and germinal layers. | [20] |
Cysts transplanted IP in rabbit in vivo model | Cysts transplanted IP in rabbits after ± injection of SAP or UCA or both; HIFU applied as in [11]. | Change in ultrasound echo pattern after treatment; increased mortality rate of PSC after treatment HIFU alone < SAP or UCA-aided HIFU < SAP + UCA-aided HIFU; damage of the laminated and germinal layers; no pathologic effects on rabbit skin. | [51] |
PSC, protoscolices; SAP, superabsorbent polymer; UCA, ultrasound contrast agent.
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